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For more great commentaries on Job check:
Commentaries on the Whole Old Testament
& Whole Bible Commentaries
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Subsection
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Order of Contents
Best 9
Commentaries 24+
Less Helpful 5
Job Generally 10+
Early & Medieval 12
Jewish 3
French 1
Translation of 1
Paraphrases 2
Chapters 4
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The Best Commentaries on Job
Reformer
Calvin, John – Sermons on Job (d. 1564)
*** – “Not the same as the commentary, but equally rich.” – Spurgeon
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Puritans
Caryl, Joseph
Ch. 1-3
Ch. 4-7
Ch. 8-10
Ch. 11-14
Ch. 15-17
Ch. 18-21
Ch. 22-26
Ch. 27-31
Ch. 32-34
Ch. 35-37
Ch. 38-42
Caryl was a Westminster divine.
*** – ‘Who can pretend to biblical learning who has not made himself familiar with the great writers who spent a life in explaining some one sacred book? Caryl on Job will not exhaust the patience of a student who loves every letter of the Word.’ ‘Caryl must have inherited the patience of Job to have completed his stupendous task. It would be a mistake to suppose that he is at all prolix or redundant; he is only full. In the course of his expounding he has illustrated a very large portion of the whole Bible with great clearness and power. He is deeply devotional and spiritual. He gives us much, but none too much. His work can scarcely be superseded or surpassed.’ – Spurgeon
An Exposition of Job: A One Volume Abridgment Buy
** – “We do not believe in abridgments of a book which is good throughout. think of twelve large volumes condensed into one small one! An ox in a gallipot is nothing to it.” – Spurgeon
Durham, James – Job Buy (†1658)
*** – ‘This is a small book, and we have been unable to procure it. [William]Orme [†1830] only mentions it upon the authority of Watt’s Bibliotheca. It is certain to be good, for Durham is always admirable.’ – Surgeon
Hutcheson, George – An Exposition of the book of Job being the Sum of 316 Lectures PoD (1657)
*** – ‘Whenever the student sees a commentary by Hutcheson let him buy it, for we know of no author who is more thoroughly helpful to the minister of the Word. He distills the text, and gives his readers the quintessence, ready for use.’ – Spurgeon
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1800’s
Barnes, Albert – Notes on Job
*** – “Exceedingly good. One of the best of this author’s generally valuable productions. The student should purchase this work at once, as it is absolutely necessary to his library.” – Spurgeon
Fry, John – A New Translation & Exposition of the Very Ancient Book of Job, with Notes Explanatory & Philological (1827)
*** – “Written in a devout, enquiring spirit, with due respect to learned writers, but not with a slavish following of their fancies. Fry’s work is somewhat of the same character as [John Mason] Good’s. We greatly esteem this exposition for its own sake, and also for the evangelical tone which pervades it.” – Spurgeon
Gibson, Edgar C. – The Book of Job, with Introduction and Notes Buy (1899) 308 pp. Reprinted by Klock & Klock
‘A valuable exposition. Deserves a place in the library of every pastor!’ – Cyril J. Barber
Green, William H. – The Argument of the Book of Job Unfolded (1874) 380 pp.
Green (1825–1900) was an imminent Old Princeton, Hebrew scholar. This has been reprinted by the Banner of Truth.
‘Recently republished under the title of Job’s Triumph Over Satan, this excellent study ably expounds the theme of this book. A most valuable study.’ – Cyril J. Barber
Hulbert, Charles A. – The Gospel Revealed to Job, 30 Lectures with Notes (1853)
Hulbert (1804–1888) was an Anglican clergyman.
*** – “An unusually good book; exceedingly comprehensive and helpful in many ways. The author aimed at usefulness and has succeeded wonderfully. We wonder that his work has not been better known.” – Spurgeon
Lange’s Commentary – The Book of Job
*** – “Contains a large collection of available material, and, if within a minister’s means, should be a foundation book in his library. We are very far from endorsing all Zuckler’s remarks, but the volume is an important one.” – Spurgeon
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More Commentaries on Job
Puritans
Beza, Theodore – Job Expounded, Partly in Manner of a Commentary, Partly in Manner of a Paraphrase (1589)
** – “Beza was the great friend and assistant of Calvin. As a commentator he lacked the profound insight and comprehensive grasp of Calvin, but as a critical scholar he is said to have been his equal if not his superior. This work on Job is rare.” – Spurgeon
Jackson, Arthur – Annotations upon Job, the Psalms, the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes & the Song of Solomon (1658)
“In 1653, Arthur Jackson, Preacher of God’s Word in Wood Street, London, issued four volumes upon the Old Testament, which appear to have been the result of his pulpit expositions to his people. Valuable his works would be if there were no better, but they are not comparable to others already and afterwards mentioned. You can do without him, but he is a reputable author.” – Spurgeon
Leigh, Edward – Annotations on Five Poetical Books of the Old Testament: Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes & Canticles (1657)
** ‘Good, brief notes. Antique, but still prized.’ – Spurgeon
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Devotional
Blackwood, Andrew – A Devotional Introduction to Job Buy (Baker, 1959) 155 pp. ToC
Van Hagen, Mrs. Henry – Evenings in the Land of Uz; a Comment on Job (London: Seeley, 1843)
** “Isaac Taylor commends this volume as one which ‘disclaiming all purpose of critical exposition aims only under the guidance of Christian feeling and experience to follow and to unfold the spiritual intention of this rich portion of Holy Scripture.’ Such an introduction must have helped to sell the work and carry it speedily to the second edition.” – Spurgeon
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Intermediate
Aitken, James – The Book of Job n.d. in Hand-books for Bible Classes, ed. Dods & Whyte
Allen, John – A Spiritual Exposition of the Old Testament: from Joshua to the end of the Psalms (1816)
‘Spiritual reflections after the high Calvinistic school. Some preachers cannot see Christ where He is, but Allen finds Him where He is not. There is in these reflections much godly savor, but very little exposition.’ – Spurgeon
This Allen was not the one that translated Calvin’s Institutes. James Darling said that Allen was an Antinomian (one who believes that Christians are not bound by moral injunctions). Antinomians, not believing that moral injunctions should be derived from God’s Word, often replaced this large aspect of Scripture’s teaching with finding Christ everywhere in the Bible, especially the Old Testament.
Coleman, J. – The Book of Job, Translated from the Hebrew, with Notes Explanatory, Illustrative & Critical (1869)
** “We do not value this so much as the same author’s ‘Psalms’, but it is serviceable in its own way.” – Spurgeon
Conant, Thomas – The Book of Job… with an Introduction & Philological Notes, for the American Bible Union (1857)
** “An excellent translation. The design did not allow of more than slender notes, but those notes are good.” – Spurgeon
Cox, Samuel – A Commentary on the Book of Job, with a Translation (1880) 600 pp.
Cox was an English non-conformist minister, baptist and a universalist (not recommended). He was an editor for the magazine, The Expositor.
‘An exemplary treatment!’ – Cyril J. Barber
Davidson, A.B. – The Book of Job, with Notes, Introduction and Appendix in ed. Perowne, The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
Davidson was a liberal.
‘A capable exposition by a renowned Scottish Hebraist. Easier to obtain than Gibson’s masterly work.’ – Cyril J. Barber
Fenton, Thomas – Annotations on Job & the Psalms, collected from Several Commentators & Methodized & Improved (1732)
** “All that will be found here is taken from others, but well selected.” – Spurgeon
Patrick, Simon – The Book of Job Paraphrased (London [1679])
Patrick (1626-1707) was an Arminian, Latitudinarian Anglican bishop.
Penn-Lewis, Jessie – The Story of Job Buy Ref (1902)
ed. Ralph, E.H. – The Voice out of the Whirlwind: The Book of Job Buy (1960) 348 pp. ToC
Robinson, Thomas – A Homiletical Commentary on the Book of Job (1875)
** “This we hope will be of use to preachers, but we have hardly enough before us to judge of it.” – Spurgeon
Smith, Elizabeth – The Book of Job translated from the Hebrew, with a Preface and Annotations (1810) Smith’s notes are sparce, but F. Randolph’s comments on Smith’s translation, starting on p. 147, are more frequent and in-depth
** “A good English version of Job, produced chiefly by the aid of Parkhurst’s Lexicon.” – Orme, as quoted by Spurgeon
Strahan, James – The Book of Job Interpreted 2nd ed. (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1914) 370 pp. ToC
Strahan was a Hebrew professor in the United Free Church of Scotland. He wrote a biography of the liberal professor, A.B. Bruce. and was a teacher of William Robertson Smith (a liberal). He has been said to be “perhaps the most influential proponent of believing criticism within the Free Church.”
“In an article on the subject of Old Testament criticism in James Hastings’ Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Strahan flatly rejected a dogmatic approach to the text in favor of a higher critical approach. The value of the latter was obvious for it removed the ‘incredible dogmas’ of verbal and plenary inspiration and substituted ‘a credible conception of the Bible as the sublime record of the Divine education of the human race,’ a view of religious history that was ‘the record of a winding but unwavering progress in the moral and religious consciousness of a people.’ In an article on ‘Inspiration,’ Strahan rehearsed the usual arguments of higher critics including the importance of studying facts with an unprejudiced mind, the rejection of verbal inspiration, the fallibility of the Bible on scientific and historical matters, and levels of inspiration within the canon.” – “Biblical authority and the impact of higher criticism in Irish Presbyterianism, ca. 1850-1930” American Society of Church History (2006)
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Advanced
Carey, Cateret Priaulx – The Book of Job translated from the Hebrew… explained in a large body of Notes, Critical and Exegetical, and Illustrated by extracts from various works on Antiquities, Geography, Science, etc., 1858
** “Purely critical and exegetical. The author has grappled manfully with all difficulties, and has stored up a mass of precious materials with which to illuminate a book dark from antiquity.” – Spurgeon
Davidson, A.B. – A Commentary, Grammatical & Exegetical, of the Book of Job with a Translation, vol. 1 (Intro-ch. 14), 2 (1862)
Davidson was a liberal.
** “Strict grammatical treatment of Scripture is always commendable, and in this case the results are valued by advanced scholars.” – Spurgeon
Delitzsch, Franz – Biblical Commentary on Job, vol 1 (chs. 1-3), 2 (4-42)
** – “Unquestionably the most valuable work on this inexhaustibly interesting Scripture that has reached us from Germany” – Nonconformist, as quoted by Spurgeon
Durell, David – Critical Remarks on the Books of Job, Proverbs, Psalms, Ecclesiastes & Canticles (1772)
Durell (1728–1775) was an Anglican O.T. scholar.
Good, John Mason – The Book of Job Literally Translated from the Original Hebrew, & Restored to its Natural Arrangement, with Notes Critical & Illustrative, & an Introductory Dissertation on its Scene, Scope, Language, Author & Object (1812) The commentary begins on p. 217.
** “A very valuable contribution to sacred literature. Dr. Good’s learning was, however, more extensive than accurate, and it would be dangerous to accept his translations without examination.” – Spurgeon
Lee was an Anglican and a professor of Hebrew at Cambridge.
** “Barnes says, ‘This work is not what might have been expected from the learning and reputation of Prof. Lee. It abounds with Arabic learning which is scattered with ostentatious profuseness through the volume, but which often contributes little to the elucidation of the text. It is designed for the critical scholar rather than the general reader.” – Spurgeon
Umbreit, Friedrich – A New Version of the Book of Job; with Expository Notes, & an Introduction on the Spirit, Composition & Author of the Book, vol. 1 (1-18), 2 (19-End)
Umbreit (1795-1860) was a professor of theology in Heidelberg.
** “Useful philologically; but [Albert] Barnes [see under Whole Bible Commentaries] would supply far more in that direction, and spiritual exposition besides.” – Spurgeon
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Less Helpful Commentaries on Job
Bellamy, D. – A Paraphrase on the Sacred History, or Book of Job, with Observations from Various Authors (1748)
* “A collection of notes from other authors. Original works are far better.” – Spurgeon
Chappelow, Leonard – A Commentary on the Book of Job, in which is Inserted the Hebrew Text & English Translation, with a Paraphrase from 3:3-42:7, vol. 1, 2 (the Paraphrase) (1752)
* “Chappelow is great upon Arabic etymologies, but he is dreadfully verbose, and really says nothing of any consequences. Chappelow and several other authors follow Schultens in the belief that the Hebrew can only be read by the light of the Arabic; they even imagine that the Book of Job was originally composed in Arabic by Job himself and then translated by some one else into the Hebrew tongue. This opened a fine field for parading their learning.” – Spurgeon
Garden, Charles – An Improved Metrical Version attempted of the Book of Job; a Poem, with Preliminary Dissertation & Notes (1796) The poem is on pp. 5-75 after the preliminary dissertation.
* – “This author has not attempted a Commentary, but he has consulted a vast array of authors, and from them gathered a large number of notes. His work is of very moderate value.” – Spurgeon
Peters, Charles – A Critical Dissertation on the Book of Job… and a Future State shown to have been the Popular Belief of the Ancient Hebrews Buy (1751)
* “Of a controversial character; mainly written against Warburton and Le Clerc, and as those authors are now almost forgotten, answers to them have lost their interest. Peters was an eminently learned man, and well versed in argument; but his work is of very small use for homiletical purposes.” – Spurgeon
Stather, W.C. – The Book of Job, in English Verse… with Notes, Critical & Explanatory (1859)
* “We do not like Job in rhyme. We know of no rhyming version of any part of Scripture, except the Psalms, which can be called a success. Certainly this is not one. The author’s notes deserve consideration.” – Spurgeon
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On Job Generally
Anon. – The School of Patience, or the Benefit of Affliction to the People of God Set Forth in a Short Discourse of Two Great Examples of Patience: the one from the Example of Job the other from the Great Exemplar, Christ Jesus (London, 1667) 28 pp.
De Graaf, S.G. – ‘Job’ in Promise and Deliverance, vol. 1: From Creation to the Conquest of Canaan, pp. 149-168
De Graff is a Dutch Reformed author who focuses on the unfolding of the Covenant through history. He writes in an easy to read, but insightful style.
Evans, Alfred Bowen – Lectures on the Book of Job (1856) 250 pp.
** “Discourses from fourteen single verses from different parts of the patient patriarch’s history. They are quite out of the run of Church of England preaching, and are full of thought and originality. They would have been all the better for a little gospel, for even if his text does not look that way, we do expect a Christian minister to have something to say about his Master.” – Spurgeon
Godet, Frederic – ‘The Book of Job’ (1882) 57 pp. in Studies in the Old Testament, pp. 183-240
Hengstenberg, E.W. – The Book of Job: a Lecture (1860) 33 pp.
** – “Scholarly of course, and also more vivacious than is usual with Hengstenberg.” – Spurgeon
Humfrey, Richard – Job’s Piety, or, The Pattern of a Perfect Man, Containing an absolute history of all the excellencies which ought to be in a perfect man... Ref (London, 1624)
We have been unable to find bio info on Humfrey, other than that he was English and wrote another work above on Job.
Kitto, John – Daily Bible Illustrations: being Original Readings for a Year, on subjects relating to Sacred History, Biography, Geography, Antiquities and Theology, vol. 5 (Job-Song) pp. 13-253
*** ‘Worthy of attentive reading’ ‘They are not exactly a commentary, but what marvelous expositions you have there! You have reading more interesting than any novel that was ever written, and as instructive as the heaviest theology. The matter is quite attractive and fascinating, and yet so weighty, that the man who shall study those eight volumes thoroughly, will not fail to read his Bible intelligently and with growing interest.’ – Spurgeon
Morgan, G. Campbell – The Answers of Jesus to Job Buy (1950) 118 pp.
Morgan (1863–1945) was the predecessor at Westminster Chapel in London to Martin Lloyd Jones.
‘Contains an enlightening analysis. One of the better volumes in this series.’ – Cyril J. Barber
Wagner, George – Sermons on the Book of Job (1860)
** “Wagner’s sermons are simple and plain, devout and instructive. We have here nothing very fresh, but everything is sound and good.” – Spurgeon
** “[Albert] Barnes says: ‘This is designed to be a popular work. It is not so much of the nature of a Commentary as a collection of fragments and brief essays on various topics referred to in the Book of Job. It is chiefly valuable for its illustration of the religion of the time of Job, the arts and sciences, the manners and customs, etc.’ It lacks lucid arrangement, and furnishes comparatively little illustration of the difficulties of the text.” – Spurgeon
Whyte, Alexander – Job in Bible Characters (d. 1921)
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The Early Church on Job
Compilation
Simonetti, Manlio & Marco Conti – Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: Job Buy
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Individuals
Ambrosiaster – Question 118 on Job at Patristic Bible Commentary
Ambrose – ‘The Prayer of Job & David’ in Seven Exegetical Works in The Fathers of the Church (Catholic University of America Press, 1972), pp. 327-422
Ambrose (c. 339 – c. 397)
Didymus the Blind – Commentary on Job trans. Edward F. Duffy PhD thesis (Donaldson, IN: Graduate Theological Foundation, 2000)
Didymus (c. 313 – 398)
Evagrius Ponticus – ‘Notes on Job’ in Evagrius Ponticus trans. A.M. Casiday in The Early Church Fathers Pre (London: Routledge, 2006), pp. 123-30
Evagrius (345–399)
Chrysostom – Commentary on the Sages, vol. 1: Commentary on Job Ref (Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2006) 238 pp. Greek/French 1, 2
Jerome – Preface on Job at Patristic Bible Commentary
Augustine – Annotations on Job at Patristic Bible Commentary
Julian of Eclanum – Commentaries on Job, Hosea, Joel & Amos in Ancient Christian Texts Pre (IVP, 2021) ToC Latin
Julian (c. 386 – c. 455)
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The Medieval Church on Job
Individuals
Gregory the Great, Pope – Morals on the Book of Job, vol. 1 (1-12), 2 (12-31), 3 (32-37), 4 (38-42) in A Library of Fathers of the Holy Catholic Church: Anterior to the Division of the East and West [1054] ed. E.B. Pusey et al. (London: John Henry Parker, Oxford), vols. 18, 21, 23, 31 HTML
Gregory (c. 540 – 604)
** – “The Fathers are of course beyond criticism, and contain priceless gems here and there; but they spiritualize at such a rate, and also utter so many crudities and platitudes, that if they were modern writers they would not be so greatly valued as they are. Antiquity lends enchantment.” – Spurgeon
Aquinas, Thomas
The Literal Exposition on Job: A Scriptural Commentary Concerning Providence Ref (Scholars Press, 1989) 496 pp.
Commentary on the Book of Job at Isidore
Aquinas (1225–1274)
Albert the Great – On Job trans. Franklin Harkins in The Fathers of the Church: Medieval Continuation, vol. 19 Pre (Catholic University of America Press, 2019), vol. 1 353 pp. ToC
Albert (c. 1200 – 1280)
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Jewish Commentaries on Job
ben Joseph Al-Fayummi, Saadiah – The Book of Theodicy: Translation & Commentary on the Book of Job trans. L.E. Goodman Pre (Yale University Press, 1988) ToC
Saadia Gaon (882/892 – 942) was a prominent rabbi, gaon, Jewish philosopher and exegete who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.
The Arabic Translation & Commentary of Yefet ben ʿEli the Karaite on the Book of Job in Karaite Texts & Studies Ref (Brill, 2020) 717 pp.
Yefet (c. 914 – 1009) was perhaps the foremost Karaite commentator on the Bible during the “Golden Age of Karaism”.
Gordis, Robert – The Book of God & Man: a Study of Job (University of Chicago Press, 1965) 395 pp. ToC
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Commentary in French
Senault, J.F. – Paraphrase sur Job (1648) This is translated into English above.
Senault (1599-1672) was a Roman Catholic in Paris.
* “Senault was a famous preacher of the Oratory in Paris, who, from the character of his works, would seem to have been almost a Protestant. His writings were highly esteemed in their day, and translated into English.” – Spurgeon
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A Translation of Job
Many of the commentaries above have their own translation as well.
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Noyes, George – Job: a Translation in the Hebrew Rhythm (1915)
** “We have been informed that Dr. Noyse belongs to the Unitarian body, but we fail to see any trace of Arian or Socinian views in this volume. We do not agree with all that he says, but he strikes us as being an honest, able, and accurate translator and commentator, worthy to stand in the foremost rank.” – Spurgeon
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Paraphrases & a Dialogue of Job
1600’s
Humfrey, Richard – The Conflict of Job, by Way of Dialogue. Compiled for Illustration, or Opening of that Great Encounter: & may also Serve as a Paraphrase upon that Heavenly Work (London, 1607) 235 pp.
We have been unable to find bio info on Humfrey, other than that he was English.
Abbott, George – The Whole Book of Job Paraphrased, or, Made Easy for any to Understand (1640)
* – “This is not by Archbishop Abbott, neither is the work of any value. This Abbot was a member of Parliament, and his paraphrase is better than we could have expected from an M.P., but still it is a heavy performance.” – Spurgeon
Senault, J.F. – Paraphrase on Job (1648) trans. from French
Senault (1599-1672) was a French, Romanist, Augustinian philosopher in Paris.
* “Senault was a famous preacher of the Oratory in Paris, who, from the character of his works, would seem to have been almost a Protestant. His writings were highly esteemed in their day, and translated into English.” – Spurgeon
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1700’s
Chappelow, Leonard – A Commentary on the Book of Job, in which is Inserted the Hebrew Text & English Translation, with a Paraphrase from 3:3-42:7, vol. 1, 2 (the Paraphrase) (1752)
* “Chappelow is great upon Arabic etymologies, but he is dreadfully verbose, and really says nothing of any consequences. Chappelow and several other authors follow Schultens in the belief that the Hebrew can only be read by the light of the Arabic; they even imagine that the Book of Job was originally composed in Arabic by Job himself and then translated by some one else into the Hebrew tongue. This opened a fine field for parading their learning.” – Spurgeon
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Chapters in Job
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Job 1-2
Holland, Henry – An Exposition of Job ch. 1 & 2 in The Christian Exercise of Fasting, Private & Public, Plainly set forth by Testimonies of Holy Scriptures, & Also of Old & Late Writers… (London, 1596)
Holland (1556–1603) was a reformed, Anglican clergyman, known for his writing on witchcraft.
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Job 10
Dickson, David – An Exposition of the 10th Chapter of Job in Select Practical Writings of David Dickson (Edinburgh: Assembly’s Committee, 1845), pp. 1-75
Dickson (d. 1662) was a leading Scottish covenanter.
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Job 12
Fuller, Andrew – Mystery of Providence on Job 12:6-25 in Works, vol. 1, pp. 620-21
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Job 28
Fuller, Andrew – Wisdom Proper to Man on Job 28 in The Complete Works… in Three Volumes (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1845), vol. 1, p. 622 ff.
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