“We have found the Messiah! (which is being interpreted, the Christ)”
John 1:41
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Order of Contents
Christ in OT 5+
Jesus is Messiah 5
Chronology 1
Messianic OT Verses in Jesus’ Day
Testimony of Jews Converted to Christ
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On Christ in the Old Testament
See also, ‘On the Messianic Passages of the Old Testament’.
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Article
Edwards, Jonathan – ‘Types of the Messiah’ in Works 2.642-75
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Books
1800’s
Baron, David – Rays of Messiah’s Glory: Christ in the Old Testament (1886)
Baron was raised an orthodox Jew, trained in the rabbinnic interpretation of the Old Testament. He converted to Christianity and devoted his life to evangelizing the Jews and to educate Christians regarding Israel.
“An inspirational study on OT Christology…” – Cyril J. Barber
Hengstenberg, Ernst W. – The Christology of the Old Testament, and Commentary on the Messianic Predictions, vols. 1 (Gen-Josh, 2 Sam, Psalms, Song, Hos, Joel, Amos, Oba, Jon, Mic), 2 (Isa, Zeph, Jer), 3 (Eze, Dan, Hag, Zech 1-10), 4 (Zech 11-14, Mal, Appendices)
Only messianic passages are commented on by this conservative Lutheran scholar. This is the classic work in this field.
*** – ‘…a standard work on the subject.’ ‘This great work deals with a most vital theme in a masterly manner; it has always been held in high esteem. We confess, however, that we can only read it as a task, for the dry scholastic style repels us, and it seems to us that in answering a number of skeptical doctors, whose opinions are ridiculous, the author has made much ado about nothing.’ – Spurgeon
“…Hengstenberg not only made a major contribution to Old Testament theology, but also took issue with, and refuted, the famous lexicographer, Wilhelm Gesenius whose translation of ‘almah in Isaiah 7:14 ha led many to discard the prophecy of the Messiah’s virgin conception and translate the verse, ‘A young woman will conceive…’… Hengstenberg took issue with the translation and, from other occurrences of the usage of ‘almah, as well as the context of Isaiah 7, showed that ‘virgin’ as meant by Isaiah.” – Cyril J. Barber
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1900’s
Robertson, O. Palmer – The Christ of the Prophets Buy (2008) 417 pp.
This is one of the most popular (and nearly only) modern, reformed works on the subject, it being something of a sequel to his ‘Christ of the Covenants’.
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Latin Articles
Voet, Gisbert
Syllabus of Theological Problems (Utrecht, 1643), pt. 1, section 2 Abbr.
tract 2
Appendix: On the Collation of the Types of Christ with its Archetype
Of the First Adam with Christ
Of Melchizedek with Christ (See the Appendix to the Priesthood)
Of Moses with Christ
Of David with Christ
Of Solomon with Christ
On the Messiah Contra the Jews
What Sort the Messiah would be
Whether the Messiah may have Come?
Whether Christ may be that Messiah?
tract 3
Of the Types of the Satisfaction of Christ
3. ‘On Gen. 49:10, on the Coming of the Messiah’ in Select Theological Disputations (Utrecht: Waesberg, 1655), vol. 2, pp. 51-77
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Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah
Articles
1600’s
Perkins, William – Ch. 2, Question 2, Whether Jesus the son of Mary be the son of God and Redeemer of the world? in The Whole Treatise of the Cases of Conscience… (Cambridge: Legat, 1606), bk. 2
Turretin, Francis – Institutes of Elenctic Theology, tr. George M. Giger, ed. James Dennison Jr. (1679–1685; P&R, 1994), vol. 2, 13th Topic
1. ‘Has the promised Messiah already come? We affirm against the Jews.’ 271
2. ‘Is Jesus of Nazareth the true Messiah? We affirm against the Jews.’ 287
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1800’s
Fuller, Andrew – ‘Jesus the True Messiah’ in Works 1.210-20
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Book
1800’s
Gaussen, Louis – Geneva & Jerusalem: the Gospel at Length Preached to the Jews (1844) 66 pp.
Gaussen was a Swiss Christian pastor.
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Jewish Accounts of Ceremonies Changing & Miracles following Christ’s Death
Quote
Babylonian Talmud ed. William Davidson, Yoma 39b.3-6
“The Sages taught: During the year in which Shimon HaTzaddik died, he said to them, his associates: In this year, he will die, euphemistically referring to himself. They said to him: How do you know? He said to them: In previous years, on every Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement], upon entering the Holy of Holies, I was met, in a prophetic vision, by an old man who was dressed in white, and his head was wrapped up in white, and he would enter the Holy of Holies with me, and he would leave with me. But today, I was met by an old man who was dressed in black, and his head was wrapped up in black, and he entered the Holy of Holies with me, but he did not leave with me. He understood this to be a sign that his death was impending. Indeed, after the festival of Sukkot [Feast of Tabernacles], he was ill for seven days and died.
Without the presence of Shimon HaTzaddik among them, the Jewish people were no longer worthy of the many miracles that had occurred during his lifetime. For this reason, following his death, his brethren, the priests, refrained from blessing the Jewish people with the explicit name of God in the priestly blessing.
The Sages taught: During the tenure of Shimon HaTzaddik, the lot for God always arose in the High Priest’s right hand; after his death, it occurred only occasionally; but during the forty years prior to the destruction of the Second Temple [A.D. 70], the lot for God did not arise in the High Priest’s right hand at all. So too, the strip of crimson wool that was tied to the head of the goat that was sent to Azazel did not turn white, and the westernmost lamp of the candelabrum did not burn continually.
And the doors of the Sanctuary opened by themselves as a sign that they would soon be opened by enemies, until Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai scolded them. He said to the Sanctuary: ‘Sanctuary, Sanctuary, why do you frighten yourself with these signs? I know about you that you will ultimately be destroyed, and Zechariah, son of Ido, has already prophesied concerning you: “Open your doors, O Lebanon, that the fire may devour your cedars”’ (Zechariah 11:1), Lebanon being an appellation for the Temple.”
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Latin Articles
1600’s
Voet, Gisbert – Syllabus of Theological Problems (Utrecht, 1643), pt. 1, section 2, tracts 2 & 4 Abbr.
On the Messiah Contra the Jews
What Sort the Messiah would be
Whether the Messiah may have Come?
Whether Christ may be that Messiah?
Of the Calling & Conversion of the Heathens
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Chronology & Jesus being the Messiah
The traditional Jewish chronological reckoning, which the modern nation of Israel still uses, accounts the creation of the world to be 3,761 BC, in contrast to Ussher’s 4,004 BC. Why the difference?
The bulk of the difference lies in that the main Jewish document that this is based on (the Seder Olam, c. 160 AD, which is below) cuts off 164 years (contrary to accepted secular history) from the Persian period between the 500’s and 300’s BC. This otherwise inexplicable anomaly more than likely happened, as Floyd Jones shows in detail below, due to the Jews’ fudging Daniel’s prophecy of 70 weeks (490 years) till the Messiah so that it would not fit with the coming of Jesus, but with the failed messianic rebellion of Bar Kokhba in 132 AD.
Jones, Floyd Nolan – ‘The Seder Olam Rabbah-Why Jewish Dating is Different’ being pp. 42-46 of this document.
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All the Old Testament Verses that were Interpreted to be of the Messiah by the Jews in Jesus’ Day
Edersheim, Alfred – ‘List of Old Testament Passages Messianically Applied in Ancient Rabbinic Writings’ 32 pp. being Appendix 9 to his The Life & Times of Jesus Christ the Messiah (1883)
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Testimony of Jews Converted to Christ
1700’s
Marcus, Moses – The Principal Motives & Circumstances that induced Moses Marcus to Leave the Jewish, & Embrace the Christian Faith: with a Short Account of his Sufferings Thereupon (1724)
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“The eyes of the Old Testament church and the eyes of the New Testament church meet on Christ.”
John ‘Rabbi’ Duncan
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