On the Mass & Transubstantiation

“Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you.  Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life…  For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed…  It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life.  But there are some of you that believe not.”

Jn. 6:53-64

“I am the door…”

Jn. 10:9

“I am the vine, ye are the branches…”

Jn. 15:5

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Subsections

7 Sacraments of Romanism
Works Against Bellarmine on the Mass

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Order of Contents

Articles  6+
Book  1
Historical Theology  1
Latin  3

Supper: Not a Literal Sacrifice  1
Attending the Mass  2
Removing the Cup  2


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Articles

1500’s

Zwingli, Ulrich – ‘The Mass’  in II. ‘Reply to Emser’  in Commentary on True & False Religion  eds. Jackson & Heller  (1525; Labyrinth Press, 1981), pp. 392-94

Knox, John – A Vindication of the Doctrine that the Sacrifice of the Mass Is Idolatry  (1550)  in The Works of John Knox, ed. David Laing, 3:29-70

Ridley, Nicholas – Works of Nicholas Ridley  (d. 1555; Cambridge Univ. Press, 1841)

Brief Declaration, or Treatise Against Transubstantiation, pp. 1-46
Answer to Certain Queries Touching the Abuses of the Mass, pp. 316-18

Ridley (d. 1555) was one of the English Reformers burned at the stake by Bloody Mary.

Vermigli, Peter Martyr – The Common Places…  (d. 1562; London: Henrie Denham et al., 1583)

pt. 4, ch. 12, ‘Of the Mass’  215

‘Of Sacrifice’  220
‘Another Common Place of Sacrifice’  223
‘Of Altars’  225

Discourses

’Whether the Mass be a Sacrifice’  132-37

Calvin, John – ch. 18, ‘Of the Popish Mass, how it Not Only Profanes, but Annihilates the Supper’  in Institutes  (1559), bk. 4

Bullinger, Henry – 12. ‘Of the Sacrifice of the Mass’  in Questions of Religion Cast Abroad in Helvetia [Switzerland] by the Adversaries of the Same, & Answered…  tr. John Coxe  (1560; London, 1572), pp. 103-8

Musculus, Wolfgang – Common Places of the Christian Religion  (1560; London, 1563)

‘Popish Mass’  330.b

Of the Substance of the Mass  351.b
Whether the priest when he sings mass do play the mediator between God and the Church  331.b
Whether the body and blood of Christ be offered to God the Father at the Mass  332.b
Whether that by the mass all kind of good things be obtained of God and whether the forgiveness of sins be bestowed with all the merit of Christ’s death  336.b
The Second part of the Popish mass, of the accessory errors and abuses thereof  340.a
Things necessary to the priest  340.b
Things necessary to the action of the mass  341.a
Of the canon of the popish mass  345.a
Of the outward abuses of the popish mass  347.a

Viret, Pierre – A Christian Instruction…  (London: Veale, 1573)

The Sum of the Principal Points of the Christian Faith

40. Of the Signification of the signs of bread and wine in the Supper, and of the agreement and difference of them, with the things that they signify, and of the error of the popish transubstantiation 39-41

42. Of the Supper, and of the Mass of the Papists, and of the principal points wherein it is different and contrary to the true Supper 42-44

The Summary of the Christian Doctrine, set forth in Form of Dialogue & of Catechism

To wit whether the bread & the wine be converted into the body and blood of Jesus Christ in the Supper
Of the presence of the body and blood of Jesus Christ in the Supper

A Familiar Exposition of the Principal Points of the Catechism, and of the Christian Doctrine, made in Form of Dialogue

16th Dialogue: Of the Transubstantiation & Consubstantiation, & of the True Presence of Jesus Christ in the Supper

Of the Error of Transubstantiation, and how the Supper cannot be a Sacrament, if the bread and the wine do not there remain in their proper substance

Of things without the which the Sacraments cannot be Sacraments

Of things which are to be Considered in the Word of God in all Sacraments, and in the signification of the same

Of things to Consider in the signs, and in the signification of them, in all Sacraments

Whether Hypocrites & Infidels do as well communicate in the Supper, of the things signified by the signs as they do of the signs

Wherefore are the Bread and wine called by the name of the body and blood of Jesus Christ, if they be not that body and blood

Of the Manner in the which the body and the blood of Iesus Christe are present in the supper, and are communicate to the faithful as well as the signs which represent them

Of the Substantial and natural conjunction of the body and blood of Jesus Christ, with the bread and with the wine of the Supper

Of the Agreement that is between this opinion & that, of transubstantiation

18th Dialogue

Of the Principal difference that may be between the transubstantiation of the bread and of the wine into the body and the blood of Jesus Christ and the bodily conjunction of them together [Consubstantiation]

Ursinus, Zachary – Against the Transubstantiation of the Papists  in The Sum of Christian Religion: Delivered…  in his Lectures upon the Catechism…  tr. Henrie Parrie  (Oxford, 1587), Of the Lord’s Supper, 4. What is the sense or meaning of the words of the institution of our Lord’s Supper

Beza, Theodore, Anthony Faius & Students – 61. ‘Of the Popish Mass’  in Propositions & Principles of Divinity Propounded & Disputed in the University of Geneva by Certain Students of Divinity there, under Mr. Theodore Beza & Mr. Anthony Faius…  (Edinburgh: Waldegrave, 1591), pp. 185-89

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1600’s

Junius, Francis – ‘On the Mass’  tr. Charles Johnson  (d. 1602)  as quoted in Johannes Hoornbeek, Institutions of Theology, ch. 15, pp. 642-47

Featley, Daniel – A True Relation of that which Passed in a Conference, at the End of Paternoster-Rowe, called, Amen, Touching Transubstantiation, April 18, 1623  (1624)  32 pp.  The pages are numbered: 117-49.

Featley was a Westminster divine.

Gataker, Thomas – A Discussion of the Popish Doctrine of Transubstantiation wherein the same is declared by the confession of their own writers, to have no necessary ground in God’s Word: as also it is further demonstrated to be against Scripture, nature, sense, reason, religion & the judgment of the ancients, & the faith of our Ancestors  (1624)  13 pp.

Gataker was a Westminster divine.

Polyander, Johannes – 46. ‘On the Sacrifice of the Mass & its Abuses’  in Synopsis of a Purer Theology: Latin Text & English Translation  Buy  (1625; Brill, 2016), vol. 3, pp. 254-306

Leigh, Edward – ch. 10. Of the Mass  in A System or Body of Divinity…  (London, A.M., 1654), bk. 8, pp. 700-35

Turretin, Francis – Institutes of Elenctic Theology, tr. George M. Giger, ed. James Dennison Jr.  (1679–1685; P&R, 1994), vol. 3, 19th Topic

26. ‘Are the words of the Supper to be understood properly and literally (kata to rheton), or figuratively and sacramentally?  The former we deny; the latter we affirm against the Romanists and Lutherans.’  465

27. ‘In the Eucharist, is there an entire conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ; or are the bread and wine, in virtue of the words of consecration, truly transubstantiated into the very body and blood of Christ, the external species only of the bread and wine remaining?  We deny against the Romanists.’  488

28. ‘Is Christ corporeally present in the Eucharist, and is He eaten with the mouth by believers?  We deny against the Romanists and Lutherans.’  505

29. ‘Is an external, real and properly so called sacrifice offered to God in the Eucharist; not only of praise, thanksgiving and commemoration, but a truly propitiatory sacrifice for the sins of the living and the dead?  We deny against the Romanists.’  519

30. ‘Is the worship of latria (or adoration) due to the sacrament of the Eucharist?  We deny against the Romanists.’  538


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Book

1600’s

Featley, Daniel – Transubstantiation Exploded: or an Encounter with Richard the Titulary Bishop of Chalcedon concerning Christ’s presence at his Holy Table.  Faithfully related in a Letter sent to D. Smith the Sorbonist, styled by the Pope Ordinary of England & Scotland, Whereunto is Annexed a public & solemn disputation held at Paris with Christopher Bagshaw D. in Theology, & rector of Ave Marie College  (1638)  276 pp.

Featley was a Westminster divine.


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Historical Theology

On the Post-Reformation

Cunningham, William – ‘The Popish View of the Lord’s Supper’  in Historical Theology, vol. 2, pp. 142-43


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Latin

1600’s

Alsted, Johann H. – ch. 27, ‘On the Mass’  in Theological Common Places Illustrated by Perpetual Similitudes  (Frankfurt, 1630), pp. 156-63

Voet, Gisbert

Syllabus of Theological Problems  (Utrecht, 1643), pt. 1, section 2, tract 5  Abbr.

On Transubstantiation & Consubstantiation
On the Mass-Sacrifice

‘On the Sacrifice of Melchizedek in Gen. 14:18’  in Select Theological Disputations  (1669), vol. 5, pp. 526-33


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The Lord’s Supper is Not a Literal Sacrifice

Protestants held rightly, along with Scripture and the Early & Medieval Churches, that the Lord’s Supper may be considered a figurative sacrifice.

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Article

Davenant, John – ‘The Popish Mass is Not a Propitiatory Sacrifice for the Living & the Dead’  in The Determinations, or Resolutions of Certain Theological Questions, Publicly Discussed in the University of Cambridge  trans. Josiah Allport  (1634; 1846), pp. 283-90  bound at the end of John Davenant, A Treatise on Justification, or the Disputatio de Justitia...  trans. Josiah Allport  (1631; London, 1846), vol. 2


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On Attending the Mass

1500’s

Bradford, John – The Harm of Attending the Mass, pt. 1 (How Evil the Mass is), 2 (Why it is Sinful), 3 (Objections Answered)  (d. 1555; 1561)  See the unabridged work here.

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1600’s

Davenant, John – Question 7, ‘Protestants Cannot with a Safe Conscience Attend the Mass’  in The Determinations, or Resolutions of Certain Theological Questions, Publicly Discussed in the University of Cambridge  trans. Josiah Allport  (1634; 1846), pp. 257-62  bound at the end of John Davenant, A Treatise on Justification, or the Disputatio de Justitia...  trans. Josiah Allport  (1631; London, 1846), vol. 2


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Romanists’ Taking the Cup Away From the People

Books

1600’s

Featley, Daniel – The Grand Sacrilege of the Church of Rome in taking away the sacred cup from the laity at the Lord’s Table: detected and convinced by the evidence of holy Scripture and testimonies of all ages successively from the first propagation of the catholic Christian faith to this present, together with two conferences: the former at Paris with D. Smith, now styled by the Romanists B of Calcedon; the later at London with M Euerard, priest  (1630)  306 pp.

Ley, John – A Comparison of the Parliamentary Protestation with the Late Canonical Oath & the Difference between them as also the Opposition between the Doctrine of the Church of England & that of Rome, so cleared that they who made scruple of the oath may cheerfully & without doubt address themselves to take the protestation, as also a further discussion of the case of conscience touching receiving the Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper when either bread or wine is wanting [lacking] or when by antipathy or impotence the party that desires it cannot take it, wherein the impiety, injury and absurdity of the popish half-communion is more fully declared & confuted  (1641)  59 pp.

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Related Pages

The Lord’s Supper

Works of the Westminster Divines on the Lord’s Supper

On Consubstantiation