“Christ is God’s (1 Cor. 3:23):
God’s Christ, God’s Servant, God’s Prophet, God’s Priest, God’s King.”
John ‘Rabbi’ Duncan
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Subsections
Kingly Office
Christ as Surety
Grounds of Christ the Mediator Receiving Divine Worship
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Order of Contents
As Mediator 12+
Offices 5
Prophet 2
Priest 2
Quotes 3
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On Christ’s Office as Mediator
Articles
Anthology of the Post-Reformation
Heppe, Heinrich – ch. 18, ‘The Mediatorial Office of Jesus Christ’ in Reformed Dogmatics ed. Ernst Bizer, tr. G.T. Thomson Pre Buy (1861; Wipf & Stock, 2007), pp. 448-88
Heppe (1820–1879) was a German reformed theologian.
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1500’s
Ursinus, Zacharias – ‘Of the Office & Person of Christ the Only Mediator’ (1562) in A Collection of Certain Learned Discourses… (Oxford, 1600), pp. 239-49 This was Ursinus’s disputation at the University of Heidelberg “for his degree of Doctorship”. Ursinus gives 12 propositions with Scripture proofs.
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1600’s
Ames, William – The Marrow of Theology tr. John D. Eusden (1623; Baker, 1997), bk. 1
ch. 19, ‘The Office of Christ’, pp. 131-34
ch. 24, ‘The Application of Christ’, pp. 149-52
Ames (1576-1633) was an English, puritan, congregationalist, minister, philosopher and controversialist. He spent much time in the Netherlands, and is noted for his involvement in the controversy between the reformed and the Arminians. Voet highly commended Ames’s Marrow for learning theology.
Polyander, Johannes – 26. ‘On the Office of Christ’ in Synopsis of a Purer Theology: Latin Text & English Translation Buy (1625; Brill, 2016), vol. 2, pp. 100-130
Maccovius, John – ch. 11, ‘On the Person & Office of Christ’ in Scholastic Discourse: The Distinctions & Rules of Theology & Philosophy Buy (1644), pp. 201-23
Heidegger, Johann H. – 19. ‘On the Office of Jesus Christ’ in The Concise Marrow of Theology tr. Casey Carmichael in Classic Reformed Theology, vol. 4 (1697; RHB, 2019), pp. 129-39
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Quote
1700’s
Edward Fisher
Catechism
“Q. 41.9. How often were the commandments written on tables of stone?
A. The first being broken by Moses, on occasion of the idolatry of Israel, Exod 32:19, the Lord condescended to write on two other tables, the very same words that were on the former, Exod 34:1.
Q. 41.10. Was there any difference between the first two tables and the second?
A. The first two, which were entirely the work of God, (the polishing as well as the engraving,) were broken beneath the mount, Exod 32:16,19; but the second, which were hewed by Moses, the typical mediator, were put into the ark, Deut 10:3,5.
Q. 41.11. What spiritual mystery was represented by this?
A. That though the covenant of works, made with the first Adam, was broken and violated by him, yet it was fulfilled in every respect by Christ the true Mediator, who “restored that which he took not away,” Ps 69:4.”
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Latin
1500’s
Zanchi, Jerome – On the Incarnation of the Son of God, in Two Books, in which the Whole of this Mystery is Solidly Explained… (Heidelberg: Harnisch, 1593), Bk. 2, Heresies on the Incarnation of Christ are Refuted, ch. 3, Propounds 12 Questions
Q. 11. …the office of the Mediator 401, Christ is the one Head of the Church 402, of the actions of Christ 405
Piscator, Johannes – Locus 10, ‘The Person & Office of Christ’ in Theological Common Places, Exposited in Brief Thoughts, or Aphorisms of Christian Doctrine, the Greater Part of which are Excerpts from the Institutes of Calvin (Herborne, 1589; 1605), pp. 67-74
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1600’s
Boethius, Henry – A Theological Disputation on the Person of Christ, of the Hypostatic Union of the Two Natures in Him, of the Communication of Properties & of his Office (Helmstedt, 1605) 20 pp.
Boethius (1551-1622) was a reformed professor of theology and greek at Helmstedt, Germany.
Alsted, Johann H. – ch. 10, ‘On the Person & Office of Christ’ in Theological Common Places Illustrated by Perpetual Similitudes (Frankfurt, 1630), pp. 56-61
Alting, Henry
The Scriptural Theology of Heidelberg… (Amsterdam, 1646), vol. 1
pt. 1, Didactic Theological Places, Locus 10, ‘Of the Person & Office of Christ’, pp. 141-78
pt. 2, Elenctic Theology, Locus 10, ‘Of the Person & Office of Christ’, pp. 477-580
ch. 12, ‘Of the Person & Office of Christ’ in A New Elenctic Theology, or a System of Elenctics (Amsterdam, 1654), pp. 483-508
Locus 12, ‘Of the Person & Office of Christ’ in A Method of Didactic Theology (Amsterdam, 1656; 1662), pp. 62-71
Locus 12, ‘Of the Person & Office of Christ’ in A New Problematic Theology, or a System of Theological Problems (Amsterdam, 1662), pp. 559-612
23. ‘Whether Christ was annointed even according to the divine nature?’, p. 592
24. ‘Whether Christ, according to Scripture, is able to be called the mediator of angels?’, p. 593
25. ‘Whether and in what way was Christ the mediator in the Old Testament?’, p. 596
26. ‘In what sense is Christ called our Savior by merit and efficacy?’, p. 597
27. ‘Is the threefold office of Christ prefigured in the Old Testament by a triple-order of anointings?’ [Yes], p. 599
28. ‘Whether Christ indeed was a prophet, priest and king in the earth?’ [Yes], p. 600
29. ‘Whether Christ as prophet is even able to be called a Legislator?’, p. 601
30. ‘Whether Christ discharged the prophetic office in the eath? or rather He may even exercise that from heaven?’, p. 602
31. ‘Whether Christ despaired on the cross?’, p. 603
32. ‘Whether the blood of Christ poured out on the cross putrified?’ [Probably], p. 605
33. ‘Whether it ought to be said that the death of Christ is eternal, or whether it is equivelent to eternal?’, p. 606
34. ‘Whether Christ died even for reprobates, such that He procured for them [common, non-saving] spiritual gifts and the resurrection of the flesh?’ [No], p. 607
35. ‘Whether the satisfaction or merit of Christ is destroyed out of the principles of the orthodox doctrine?’, p. 609
36. ‘Whether the kingdom of Christ, because the Scripture calls it eternal, is hence rightly called an economy and temporal?’, pp. 611-12
Hoornbeek, Johannes – ch. 9, ‘Of Christ’ in Theological Institutes, Harmonized from the Best Authors (Leiden, 1658), pp. 270-339
10. The office of Christ in general is twofold, to be a mediator and a savior, that is, Jesus 302
11. To which there is an anointing from God, or a singular calling and bestowed gifts, that is, [to be] the Christ: Junius, Zanchi, Maccovius 302
12. The mediator is Christ Jesus, one and perfect: Ames & Trelcatius 302
13. And He is the Mediator according to each nature: Trelcatius, Walaeus, 304
14. The parts of the office of Christ are to be a prophet, priest and king: Ames 307
15. For the prophetic office Christ teaches the Church the true religious salvation: Ames, Maccovius 307
16. However, other new or more perfect precepts have not been added to the moral law: Synopsis 309
17. The priestly office of Christ consists in this, that He offered Himself to God in a true expiation for sins and intercedes continually for us before the Father: Ames 310
18. Christ expiated for our sins by a true satisfaction: Maccovius & Wallaeus 311
19. Christ sustained sufferings and death for us, not only bodily, but spiritual, even in the soul itself He suffered most weighty punishments: Walaeus 318
20. And made satisfaction to the Law by a most full righteousness, both active and passive: Gomarus 319
21. And further, He was thus meriting salvation for us from God: Zanchi, Gormarus 321
22. Christ presented that for his elect, those to be saved, those ones solely and all of them, by which they have already at some point been made alive or will be overcome: Gormarus & Maccovius 323
23. For the same Christ intercedes continually before the Father: Maccovius 326
24. Christ shows Himself king in gathering, preserving and advancing the Church, that is, his spiritual kingdom: Ames 327
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On Christ’s Offices
1600’s
Whitaker, William – Sermon 13, ‘The Mediator of the Covenant, Described in his Person, Natures & Offices’ in The Morning Exercise Methodized [Puritan Sermons] (London, 1660), vol. 5, pp. 261 ff. on 1 Tim. 2:5
This Whitaker was not the famed one from the early 1600’s, but nonetheless was an English puritan, circa 1680’s.
Rijssen, Leonard – ch. 12, ‘Christ’s Offices’ in A Complete Summary of Elenctic Theology & of as Much Didactic Theology as is Necessary tr. J. Wesley White MTh thesis (Bern, 1676; GPTS, 2009), pp. 127-44
Rijssen (1636?-1700?) was a prominent Dutch reformed minister and theologian, active in theological controversies.
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1700’s
à Brakel, Wilhelmus – ch. 19, ‘Concerning The Three Offices of Christ, & Particularly His Prophetic Office’ in The Christian’s Reasonable Service, vols. 1 ed. Joel Beeke, trans. Bartel Elshout Buy (1700; RHB, 1992/1999), pp. 517-39
a Brakel (1635-1711) was a contemporary of Voet and Witsius and a major representative of the Dutch Further Reformation.
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1900’s
Berkhof, Louis – ‘Introductory Remarks on the Offices in General’ (1950) 3 paragraphs, in Systematic Theology
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Latin
1600’s
Wendelin, Marcus Friedrich – ch. 17, ‘Of the Species of the Office of Christ [Prophet, Priest & King]’ in Christian Theology (Hanau, 1634; 2nd ed., Amsterdam, 1657), bk. 1, ‘Knowledge of God’, pp. 280-300
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Prophet
1700’s
à Brakel, Wilhelmus – ch. 19, ‘Concerning The Three Offices of Christ, & Particularly His Prophetic Office’ in The Christian’s Reasonable Service, vols. 1 ed. Joel Beeke, trans. Bartel Elshout Buy (1700; RHB, 1992/1999), pp. 517-39
a Brakel (1635-1711) was a contemporary of Voet and Witsius and a major representative of the Dutch Further Reformation.
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1900’s
Berkhof, Louis – ‘The Prophetic Office’ (1950) 7 paragraphs, in Systematic Theology
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Priest
1600’s
à Brakel, Wilhelmus – ch. 20, ‘The High Priestly Office of Christ’ in The Christian’s Reasonable Service, vols. 1 ed. Joel Beeke, trans. Bartel Elshout Buy (1700; RHB, 1992/1999), pp. 539-61
a Brakel (1635-1711) was a contemporary of Voet and Witsius and a major representative of the Dutch Further Reformation.
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1900’s
Berkhof, Louis – Systematic Theology (1950)
‘The Priestly Office’ 14 paragraphs
‘The Intercessory Work of Christ’ 13 paragraphs
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Quotes
John ‘Rabbi’ Duncan
“If you receive Christ for anything, you receive Him for everything.”
“As soon may a man bottle up daylight as have a gospel of benefits without the immediate shining of the Sun of Righteousness.”
“I would not preach the benefits of redemption without preaching Christ, but neither would I preach a benefitless Christ.”
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Related Pages
On Christ’s Humiliation & Exaltation