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Ten Commandments
7th Commandment ⇐ ⇒ 9th Commandment
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“Thou shalt not steal.”
Ex. 20:15
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Subsection
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Order of Contents
Articles 5+
Lawful Taking of Others’ Goods 1
Latin 2
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Articles
1200’s
Aquinas, Thomas – Question 66, ‘Theft & Robbery’ in Summa, 2nd part of 2nd part, Justice
In article 7 Aquinas argues: “In cases of need all things are common property, so that there would seem to be no sin in taking another’s property, for need has made it common.”
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1300’s
Wyclif, John – pt. 4, ch. 26, ‘The Right of the Laity to Sieze Church Property’ in On the Truth of Holy Scripture tr. Ian C. Levy in TEAMS Commentary Series (1377-1378; Medieval Institute Publications, 2001), pp. 311-15
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1500’s
Bullinger, Henry – The Decades ed. Thomas Harding (Cambridge: Parker Society, 1850), vol. 2, 3rd Decade
3rd Sermon, ‘Of the patient bearing and abiding of sundry calamities and miseries; and also of the hope and manifold consolation of the faithful’ 64-111
Calvin, John – 8th Commandment in Institutes of the Christian Religion tr. Henry Beveridge (1559; Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1845), vol. 1, bk. 2, pp. 475-78
Vermigli, Peter Martyr – The Common Places… (d. 1562; London: Henrie Denham et al., 1583), pt. 2
12. ‘The Eight Precept: of Not Committing Theft’ 517
‘Of Well-Doing & Hospitality’ 518
‘Of Benefiting & Unthankfulness’ 523
‘Of Plays & Pastimes’ 524
‘Of Gentleness & Affability’ 528
Musculus, Wolfgang – Common Places of the Christian Religion (1560; London, 1563)
8th Commandment 90.b
Rom. 13; Gen. 31; 40; 2 Sam. 19; 15; What God forbids 90.b
How many kinds of stealing there be; Two kinds of theft, Ex. 11 91.a
Bishops are the thieves of the Church goods 91.a
Princes are the thieves of Church goods 91.b
Thieves of the name and Word of God, Jer. 23 91.b
Thieves in worldly matters 91.b
From whence comes the desire of stealing 91.a [sic]
The sin of theft has a spring, veins and courses, Mt. 15 91.a
Occasion; advices 91.a
Against calculators which do ascribe the necessity of stealing to stars, Gen. 1 91.a
How grievous a sin theft is 92.b
Some theft is greater than others 92.b
Scriptures which do extenuate the offense of theft, Eccl. 5 93.a
Whether every theft be culpable and sin 93.a
Two kinds of those things which be rehearsed in the Decalogue 93.a
Theft upon obedience, Ex. 12 93.b
Theft of justice 93.b
Theft of industry 93.b
Theft of warning 93.b
Theft of diligence 93.b
Wherefore the Lord did not rather forbid violence, robbery and depredation than theft 94.a
The difference between theft and robbery 94.a
The offense of theft is more general than that of robbery 94.a
Robbery is more manifest than theft 94.a
Men do withstand robberies than theft 94.a
How many ways a man is partaker of thefts 94.b
Accessory, bidding or commanding, council, consent, commending, concealment, partaking, sufferance, silence 94.b
Of the punishments and correction of theft 95.a
Reformation and correction by laws 95.a
Of the hanging of thieves 95.b
Of the ecclesiastical correction 95.b
The restitution of the things stolen; the stolen good must be restored to the owner 95.b
An example of a certain young man at Augsburg 96.a
If things cannot by any means or not safely and honestly be restored 96.b
Ursinus, Zachary – The Sum of Christian Religion: Delivered… in his Lectures upon the Catechism… tr. Henrie Parrie (Oxford, 1587)
The Virtues of this Eighth Commandment, together with their extremes or contrary vices
Certain Objections against the former distinction of Rights & Possessions
Beza, Theodore, Anthony Faius & Students – 37. ‘Upon the Eighth Commandment’ in Propositions & Principles of Divinity Propounded & Disputed in the University of Geneva by Certain Students of Divinity there, under Mr. Theodore Beza & Mr. Anthony Faius… (Edinburgh: Waldegrave, 1591), pp. 92-94
Virel, Matthew – 8th Commandment in A Learned & Excellent Treatise Containing All the Principal Grounds of Christian Religion (London, 1594), bk. 2, 1. Of Good Works, 1st Part, Exposition of the Moral Law
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1600’s
Perkins, William – 27. 8th Commandment in A Golden Chain (Cambridge: Legat, 1600)
Ames, William – ch. 20, ‘Commutative Justice’ in The Marrow of Theology tr. John D. Eusden (1623; Baker, 1997), bk. 2, pp. 321-25
Ames (1576-1633) was an English, puritan, congregationalist, minister, philosopher and controversialist. He spent much time in the Netherlands, and is noted for his involvement in the controversy between the reformed and the Arminians. Voet highly commended Ames’s Marrow for learning theology.
Wolleb, Johannes – 12. ‘The Works Connected with the Eighth Commandment’ in Abridgment of Christian Divinity (1626) in ed. John Beardslee, Reformed Dogmatics: J. Wollebius, G. Voetius & F. Turretin (Oxford Univ. Press, 1965), bk. 2, pp. 246-51
Wolleb (1589–1629) was a Swiss reformed theologian. He was a student of Amandus Polanus.
Rutherford, Samuel – Assertion 2, ‘All the goods of the subjects belong not to the king’ in Lex Rex (1644; Edinburgh: Ogle, 1843), pp. 67-68
Love, Christopher – Scripture Rules to be Observed in Buying & Selling (London, 1653) a poster
Leigh, Edward – A System or Body of Divinity… (London, A.M., 1654)
bk. 9, ch. 9, The Eighth Commandment, pp. 749-57
Turretin, Francis – 19. ‘What is forbidden and commanded by the precept concerning not stealing? Is usury of all kinds contained under it? We deny.’ in Institutes of Elenctic Theology, tr. George M. Giger, ed. James Dennison Jr. (1679–1685; P&R, 1994), vol. 2, 11th Topic, p. 123 ff.
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Morally Lawful Taking of Others’ Goods
Article
1500’s
Musculus, Wolfgang – Common Places of the Christian Religion (1560; London, 1563), 8th Commandment
Whether every theft be culpable and sin [No] 93.a
Two kinds of those things which be rehearsed in the Decalogue 93.a
Theft upon obedience, Ex. 12 93.b
Theft of justice 93.b
Theft of industry 93.b
Theft of warning 93.b
Theft of diligence 93.b
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Latin
1600’s
Voet, Gisbert
8th Commandment in Syllabus of Theological Problems (Utrecht, 1643), pt. 1, section 2, tract 1 Abbr.
Select Theological Disputations (Utrecht, 1667), vol. 4
33. ‘On Simony’, pt. 1 515
34. pt. 2 523
35. pt. 3 533
36. pt. 4 540-55
37. ‘On Usury’, pt. 1 555
38. pt. 2 557
. ‘Of Money-Lenders’ 575-905
39. Of a User of False Papers 590
40. ‘On Restitution’ 608
. Appendix: Some Special Questions 616-31
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50. ‘A Syllabus of Questions on the Whole Decalogue’, 8th Commandment
On the dominion of things 809
On riches and poverty 809
On acquiring dominion in general, and its opposites 810
On the first occupation, riverside soil and markers 810
On prescription and ownership by long possession 810
On gifting and heredity 811
On contracts in general 811
On a bill of purchase and of sale 811
On lots, bets and securities 812
On censuses 812
On changes and exchanges, or alterations 813
On a command 813
On acquisition through the right of a treasury, also through right of war and victory 813
On the goods of being shipwrecked and of reprisals 813
On a pledge, fee-farm, fiefs, habituation [? inseudatione], a surety [fide-jussione] 813
On a deposit, loan, usury by a mutual contract, location, hiring, social contract, and a request 814
On theft 815
On more manifest and direct species of theft: of kidnapping, robbing sacred things, simony, embezzlement, cattle-stealing, pillaging of crops, the violent robbing of mobile things, piracy, on a band of robbers, rioting 815
On less manifest or crass species of theft: on devouring gifts, covered-over reward, fraudulent measurement, monopoly, threshing of grain, adulteration and shaving of currency, biting interest and usury, deceitful ceding, usurping the hunt, fowling or fishing, fraud and abuse around invented things or deposits, abuses around testaments and legacies, of confiscation of shipwrecked goods 816
Of recreations and games 818
Of avarice and care about temporal things 818
Of prodigality or lavishness 819
Of idleness, leisure and negligence 819
Of curiosity 819
Of parsimony 819
On the punishments of theft 819
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