“Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God… The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit.”
John 3:3, 8
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Subsections
Only Initial Aspect is by the Lord Working Alone
Born Again as After Faith
Presumptive Regeneration
Baptismal Regeneration
‘Sanctification’ as Including Regeneration
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Order of Contents
Articles 72+
Books 16+
Confessions 2
Quotes 6
Historical Theology 3
Involves the Will 6
Equated with Sanctification 6+
Infants 3
Time Difference before Faith? 5
Person in Rom. 7:6-25 is Regenerate 6
Future Regeneration 2
Latin 32+
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Articles
Anthology on the Post-Reformation
Heppe, Heinrich – sections 16-28 in ch. 20, ‘Calling’ in Reformed Dogmatics (Wipf & Stock, 2007), pp. 518-27
Heppe quotes and references: Heidegger, Burman, Witsius, Voet, Polan, Mastricht, Wolleb, Keckermann, Riissen, Bucan, Hemming, Sohn, Ursin, Pezel, Walaeus, Turretin, Calvin, Crocius, Leiden Synopsis & Wyttenbach.
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1500’s
Melanchthon, Philip – 21. ‘On the Old & the New Man’ in The Loci Communes of Philip Melanchthon… tr. Charles L. Hill (1521; Boston: Meador Publishing, 1944), pp. 234-36
Though Melanchthon (1497–1560) was a Lutheran, this work of his was the first ‘systematic theology’ of the Reformation, and, as it was very influential on reformed systematic theologies following shortly thereafter.
Calvin, John
18. ‘Repentance & Regeneration’ in Instruction in Faith (1537) tr. Paul T. Fuhrman (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1949), pp. 42-44
3. ‘Regeneration by Faith…’ in Institutes of the Christian Religion tr. Henry Beveridge (1559; Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1845), vol. 2, bk. 3, pp. 149-82
Calvin speaks of ‘regeneration’ as a real change, equated with repentance, in being renewed more fully into the image of God by holiness and righteousness over the whole of one’s life. That is, he uses ‘regeneration’ for what is often termed ‘sanctification’.
“In one word, then, by repentance I understand regeneration, the only aim of which is to form in us anew the image of God, which was sullied, and all but effaced by the transgression of Adam. So the apostle teaches when he says, ‘We all with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, as by the Spirit of the Lord.’ Again, ‘Be renewed in the spirit of your mind,’ and ‘put ye on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness.’ Again, ‘Put ye on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him.’
Accordingly, through the blessing of Christ we are renewed by that regeneration into the righteousness of God from which we had fallen through Adam, the Lord being pleased in this manner to restore the integrity of all whom He appoints to the inheritance of life. This renewal, indeed, is not accomplished in a moment, a day, or a year, but by uninterrupted, sometimes even by slow, progress God abolishes the remains of carnal corruption in his elect, cleanses them from pollution, and consecrates them as his temples, restoring all their inclinations to real purity, so that during their whole lives they may practise repentance, and know that death is the only termination to this warfare.” – pp. 159-60
Viret, Pierre – A Christian Instruction… (d. 1571; London, 1573)
6th Dialogue, Of the Renewing of Man & of the Gift of Faith
11th Dialogue
Of the Regeneration of a Christian Man
Of the Life of the Regenerate Man
12th Dialogue
Of the True & Full Reformation of Man, and of the parts thereof
Viret (1511-1571)
Beza, Theodore
pp. 29-31 & 46-47 in A Book of Christian Questions & Answers… (London, 1574)
pp. 24-26, 34-35, 38, 138 of A Brief & Pithy Sum of the Christian Faith made in Form of a Confession (London, 1565)
pp. 21-22, 37, 42, 50-51, 53, 58-62, 175, 177, 210-11, 221 of Propositions & Principles of Divinity Propounded & Disputed in the University of Geneva by Certain Students of Divinity there, under Mr. Theodore Beza & Mr. Anthony Faius… (Edinburgh, 1591)
Bullinger, Heinrich – pp. 97-110 of Sermon 2, ‘Of Repentance & the Causes Thereof’ in the 4th Decade (d. 1575; Parker Society, 1851)
Woolton, John – ‘Of the Renovation, or Regeneration of the old Man’ in A New Anatomy of Whole Man, as well of his Body as of his Soul: Declaring the Condition & Constitution of the Same, in his First Creation, Corruption, Regeneration & Glorification (London, 1576), pp. 27-40
Woolton (1535?-1594)
Marbeck, John – ‘Regeneration’ in A Book of Notes & Common Places with their Expositions… (London, 1581), pp. 898-99
Merbecke (c. 1510 – c. 1585) was an English composer and strongly Calvinistic theological writer whose musical setting of the early Anglican liturgy standardised the sung Anglican service until the late 20th century.
Zanchi, Jerome
ch. 20,‘Of the regenerate man’s free-choice & power to do good’ in Confession of the Christian Religion… (1586; Cambridge, 1599) There are other references to regeneration in the ToC.
Speculum Christianum or, A Christian Survey for the Conscience. Containing, Three Tractates… (London, 1614)
Ch. 2, ‘The First Question, touching a double Man in the Regenerate’
Question 2, ‘The manner how the Saints do sin willingly’
Frewen, John – 221. ‘The Grace of Regeneration Figured in Baptism’ in Certain Fruitful Instructions & Necessary Doctrines meet to Edify in the Fear of God Faithfully Gathered Together… (London, 1587)
Frewen (1558-1628) was an English puritan.
Ursinus, Zacharias – ‘The works of the regenerate and unregenerate differ seven manner of ways’ in The Common Place of Sin, section 1, What Sin is, 3. ‘Of how many kinds of sin there are’ in The Sum of Christian Religion: Delivered… in his Lectures upon the Catechism… trans. Henrie Parrie (Oxford, 1587), 1st part, pp. 98-99
Finch, Henry – 1. Of Jesus Christ & of Regeneration in The Sacred Doctrine of Divinity gathered out of the Word of God… (Middelburg: 1589), bk. 3
Finch (d. 1625) was an English lawyer and politician.
Gifford, George
pp. 45-46, 63-64 of A Short Treatise Against the Donatists of England, whom we call Brownists… (London, 1590)
This, and the below, is mainly on how the regenerate can fall into serious sins, which the Brownists seemed to deny.
pp. 119-26 of A Plain Declaration that our Brownists be Full Donatists by Comparing them Together from Point to Point out of the Writings of Augustine… (London, 1590)
Bastingius, Jeremias – pp. 11b-12a, 16b, 17b, 117b-118a, 123a in An Exposition Or Commentary upon the Catechism of Christian Religion which is Taught in the Schools & Churches Both of the Low Countries & of the Dominions of the County Palatine (Cambridge, ca. 1591)
Virel, Matthew – pp. 52-57 in ch. 3, ‘Of Faith’, ‘The Exposition of the Apostles’ Creed’, Third Part in A Learned & Excellent Treatise Containing All the Principal Grounds of Christian Religion (London, 1594)
Polanus, Amandus – The Substance of Christian Religion soundly set forth in Two Books, by Definitions & Partitions… (London, 1595), pp. 94-100
Regeneration
Repentance
The Quickening of the New Man
Regeneration of the Body
The Perpetual Adjoints thereof Remain
Rollock, Robert
1.5 & 1.8 in ‘Treatise on Justification’ trans. Aaron Clay Denlinger & Noah Phillips MAJT 27 (2016), pp. 108-10 This work was published posthumously in Rollock’s time.
A Treatise of God’s Effectual Calling… (d. 1599; London, 1603)
pp. 9-10 of Ch. 2,‘Of the Word of God, or of the Covenant in general…’
pp. 15-24 of Ch. 3,‘Of the Covenant of Grace’
pp. 207-10 of Ch. 34,‘Of Repentance’
pp. 220-26 of Ch. 37,‘Of Man’s Free-will’
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1600’s
Perkins, William – A Golden Chain (Cambridge: Legat, 1600), Errors of the Papists in their distributing of the Causes of Salvation
4. Predestination’s last effects has this cause in man: in man’s freewill and works: whom God had foreseen that they would receive grace offered in Christ and lead their life according to the law, themHe predestinated, not of works, but of his mercy, yet so, as that He had respect unto works
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7. Man after Adam’s fall has freewill to do good and evil, though in a diverse manner: he has freewill to do evil simply, without any external aid: but to do well, none at all, but by God’s grace preventing or guiding: which grace every man has and it is in our freewill either to consent and together work with or not. Freewill’s power to do what is good and acceptable to God is only attenuated and weakened before conversion; hence man can of himself work a preparation to justification
9. That preparation to grace, which is caused by the power of free-will, may by the merit of congruity deserve justification
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11. Man’s love of God does in order and time go before his justification and reconciliation with God
Cawdrey, Robert – A Treasury or Storehouse of Similies both Pleasant, Delightful & Profitable… (London, 1600)
Regeneration Necessary in All Men
Re-creation
Regenerate Man Falls Not Fatly
Reformation
Regeneration Increase by Degrees
Regeneration
Regeneration not without sin
Cawdry (1540-1600) was reformed.
Bucanus, William – Institutions of Christian Religion Framed out of God’s Word… (1602; London, 1606)
31st Place, ‘Of the Justification of Man before God’
‘Can Regeneration be Separated from Justification?’ [No]
Bucan (d. 1603) was a professor of divinity at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
39th Place, ‘Of Repentance, where of Regeneration’, pp. 317-18
‘How many parts are there of repentance, or regeneration?’
‘Is it finished in any short space?’ [No]
Cowper, William – ch. 1, ‘Of his New Birth or Regeneration’ in The Anatomy of a Christian Man… (London, 1611), pp. 1-13
Willet, Andrew – Controversy 3, ‘That regeneration is not the cause that there is no condemnation to the faithful’ in Hexapla, that is, A Sixfold Commentary upon the Most Divine Epistle of the Holy Apostle St. Paul to the Romans… (Cambridge, 1611), ch. 8, Places of Controversy, pp. 390-91
Wilson, Thomas – ‘Regeneration’ in A Christian Dictionary… (London, 1612)
Greenham, Richard – The Works of the Reverend & Faithful Servant of Jesus Christ, Mr. Richard Greenham… (London, 1612)
Grave Counsels
A Short Form of Catechizing
‘Does that [flesh] remain after regeneration?’
Godly Instructions for the Due Examination & Direction of All Men
Ch. 67, ‘Of Regeneration, & Sanctification’
Bremen [Germany] Delegation at Dort – ‘On Regeneration in General’, p. 33 of ‘On Predestination, Reprobation, Christ’s Death, Regeneration, Free Choice & Perseverance’ in The Acts of the Synod of Dort (1618) Search the doc for more references.
Lever, Christopher – bk. 2, ch. 5, ‘Of Regeneration, or New Birth’ in The Holy Pilgrim, leading the Way to Heaven. Or a Divine Direction in the Way of Life… (London, 1618), pp. 213-30
Gouge, William
Of Domestical Duties… (London, 1622), pp. 105-9
75,‘Of their regeneration who are members of Christ’
76,‘Of the author of our regeneration Christ’
77,‘Of the matter of our regeneration, Christ’
78,‘Of the excellency of regeneration’
A Learned & Very Useful Commentary on the Whole Epistle to the Hebrews… (London, 1655)
Ch. 1, §56, ‘Of the difference betwixt divine Generation & Regeneration’
Ch. 12, §105, ‘Of regeneration, & the causes thereof’
Ch. 13, §175, ‘Of God’s continuing to work upon the regenerate’
Ames, William – bk. 1, ch. 26, sections 21-27 in The Marrow of Theology trans. John D. Eusden (1623; Baker, 1997), p. 159
Ames (1576-1633) was an English, puritan, congregationalist, minister, philosopher and controversialist. He spent much time in the Netherlands, and is noted for his involvement in the controversy between the reformed and the Arminians.
Downame, John – The Sum of Sacred Divinity Briefly & Methodically Propounded: More Largely & Clearly Handled & Explained (London, 1625), bk. 2, pp. 419-551
Ch. 8, ‘Of Regeneration’
Ch. 9, ‘Of Wisdom, Righteousness, Sanctification and Redemption’
Carter, John – ‘Regeneration’ in Winter-Evenings’ Communication with Young Novices in Religion. Or Questions & Answers about Certain Chief Grounds of Christian Religion (Cambridge, 1628), pp. 16-17
Wolleb, Johannes – pp. 82, 110-11, 243, 270-71 in The Abridgment of Christian Divinity so exactly & methodically compiled… 3rd ed. (d. 1629; London, 1660)
Davenant, John
A Treatise on Justification: or The Disputatio de Justitia Habituali et Actuali… trans. Josiah Allport (1631; London: 1844), vol. 1
pp. 27-28 of ch. 5
ch. 15, ‘It is proved that the Regenerate are not free from Original Sin’
ch. 16, ‘Argues that Original Sin is Inherent in the Regenerate’
ch. 19, ‘Shows from the Fathers that no one of the Regenerate is free from Sin’
ch. 20, ‘Testimonies of the Schoolmen showing that Original Sin is not wholly removed from the Regenerate’
ch. 33, 2ndQuestion, 1stProposition, ‘The good works of the regenerate have in them, 1. A supernatural goodness; 2, are pleasing and acceptable to God in a supernatural way; 3, are destined by his Covenant or promise for the most gracious rewards’
ch. 34, 2ndProposition,‘That the good works of the regenerate are imperfectly good, being stained with the adhesion of sin, and need to be accepted by God of his paternal mercy’
ch. 39, 2ndProposition,‘No one of the regenerate can observe and fulfill the law of God perfectly; but falls short of the perfection of the law through the whole course of his life’
pp. 265-66 & 268-69 of Determination 9, ‘Free-will is not granted to the unregenerate for their spiritual good’ in The Determinations, or Resolutions of Certain Theological Questions, Publicly Discussed in the University of Cambridge trans. Josiah Allport (1634; 1846) bound at the end of John Davenant, A Treatise on Justification, or the Disputatio de Justitia... trans. Josiah Allport (1631; London, 1846), vol. 2
de Valdes, Juan – The Hundred & Ten Considerations of Signior John Valdesso treating of those things which are Most Profitable, Most Necessary & Most Perfect in our Christian Profession… (Oxford, 1638)
Consideration 26, ‘That the Flesh, whilst it is unregenerated Flesh, is the enemy of God, and that Regeneration is properly the work of the Holy Spirit’
Consideration 67, ‘That in the regenerate only by the Holy Spirit there being experience of the things of God, there is also Certification of them’
Voet, Gisbert
‘On whether Christ Merited the Special Grace of Regeneration & Faith for the Elect & those to be Saved?’ in (Utrecht: Waesberge, 1669), vol. 5 trans. AI at Confessionally Reformed Theology
Disputations 29-30, ‘On Regeneration’, pt. 1-2 (1639) tr. by AI by OmegaPoint99 in Select Theological Disputations (1655), vol. 2, pp. 432-65 Latin See also another AI translation: 1, 2
Hooker, Thomas – ‘The Privilege of Adoption, & Trial thereof by Regeneration’ in The Christian’s Two Chief Lessons, viz. Self-Denial & Self-Trial… (London, 1640), pp. 285-303
Maccovius, John – ch. 14, ‘On Regeneration’ in Scholastic Discourse: The Distinctions & Rules of Theology & Philosophy (1644), pp. 239-49
Maccovius (1588–1644) was a reformed, supralapsarian Polish theologian.
Rutherford, Samuel
Christ Dying & Drawing Sinners to Himself… (London, 1647)
‘Regeneration & Justification Not One’ 78
‘Libertines Falsely make Justification & Regeneration One’ 271-72
A Survey of the Spiritual Antichrist… (London, 1648)
Pt. 1, pp. 5, 60, 175, 302-3
Pt. 2, pp. 152
Influences of the Life of Grace… (London, 1659)
How God withdraws Influences in particular acts hic et nunc [here and now] and yet has promised to bestow Influences in the regenerate by promise 18
Whether the habit of grace may cease in the regenerate from all its operations? 244
Eight evidences that in the regenerate the saving habit of grace never ceases from emitting some influences 239
Reprobates resist not the formal acts of regeneration 346
Rogers, Daniel – 8th Benefit, ‘Regeneration’ in Collections: or Brief Notes gathered out of Mr. Daniel Rogers’s Practical Catechism for Private Use… (London, 1648), pt. 2, article 5, pp. 167-68
Burgess, Anthony – Spiritual Refining: or A Treatise of Grace & Assurance… (London, 1652), section 4, ‘Wherein is handled the Nature of sanctifying Grace under the Title of Regeneration, with the counterfeit thereof’, pp. 201-44 All on John 3:3
Sermon 34, ‘Showing what the New-Birth or Regeneration is’
Sermon 35, ‘Showing how Ignorant Men of Great Learning & Outward Righteousness in the World may be [Ignorant] of Regeneration’
Sermon 36, ‘The Ground of the Necessity of Regeneration is the Corruption of Men’s Nature’
Sermon 37, ‘Of the Unexpressibleness of this New Life’
Sermon 38, ‘Laying Open the Counterfeits of a New Birth’
Sermon 39, ‘Declaring what both by Duty & Privilege a Son of God is, which he becomes by the New Birth’
Watson, Thomas – §2. ‘That Regeneration goes along with remission, & is a branch of the charter’ in The Christian’s Charter, showing the Privileges of a Believer (London, 1654), ch. 4, ‘The Augmentation of the Charter’
Cocceius, Johannes – ch. 7, ‘The Ability to Receive in the Covenant of Grace & its Inducement’ in The Doctrine of the Covenant & Testament of God, trans. Casey Carmichael (1654; RHB, 2016), pp. 144-55
Norton, John – pp. 282-83 in ch. 12, ‘The Soul is Passive in Vocation’ in The Orthodox Evangelist, or a Treatise wherein Many Great Evangelical Truths are Briefly Discussed, Cleared & Confirmed (1654)
Norton (1606-1663) was a puritan divine in England and an ordained, congregationalist teacher in Massachusetts. In 1635 he went to New England. He was an active member of the convention that formed The Cambridge Platform in 1648, and was a contributor to its drafting. He succeeded John Cotton as minister at the first church in Boston. In the following years, Norton became a leading opponent of the Antinomians and Quakers in New England. He wrote the biography of John Cotton.
Lyford, William – pp. 297-99 of ch. 10, section 2, ‘Of Man’s Free Will & ability to spiritual good’ inThe Instructed Christian, or the Plain Man’s Senses Exercised to Discern Both Good & Evil, being a Discovery of the Errors, Heresies & Blasphemies of these Times, & the Toleration of them… (1655; Philadelphia, 1847)
Cotton, John – A Practical Commentary, or an Exposition with Observations, Reasons & Uses upon the First Epistle General of John (London, 1658), on 1 Jn. 5:1, 4-5
Doctrine 1, ‘Faith in Christ Jesus is a Certain & Universal Work of Regeneration’
Doctrine 1, ‘Every Regenerate Christian is a Victorious Christian, a Conqueror of the World’
Drake, Roger – pp. 435-48 of Sermon 20, ‘The Believers Dignity & Duty, or High Birth & Honorable Employment’ in The Morning Exercise Methodized… (London, 1660)
Drake was an English puritan.
Wilkinson, Henry – ‘The Necessity of the Knowledge of Regeneration’ n Jn. 3:10 in Three Decades of Sermons… (Oxford, 1660), Decade 2, pp. 89-104
Wilkinson (1616-1690)
Gouge, Thomas – A Word to Sinners, & a Word to Saints… (London, 1668), pt. 1
Ch. 3, ‘Of the Nature of Regeneration, What it is’
Ch. 4, ‘Of the parts of Regeneration & Causes concurring thereunto’
Ch. 5, ‘The Reasons why Regeneration is necessary to Salvation’
Ch. 6, ‘An use of Exhortation to endeavor after Regeneration, with quickening Motives thereunto’
Ch. 14, ‘The Duties to be Practiced in order to your Regeneration’
Ch. 15, ‘Other Means on our part to be performed for attaining of Regeneration’
Ch. 16, ‘Several Objections of Carnal and unregenerate men against the use of the forementioned Means, Answered’
Ch. 17, ‘The second branch of the use of Exhortation unto the Regenerate’
Ch. 18, ‘An Exhortation to bless God for the work of Regeneration and to walk worthy thereof’
Ch. 19, ‘The singular good things which the Regenerate ought to do above others’
Grebenitz, Elias – Disputation 1, ‘On Regeneration in General’ in ‘Theological Treatise on Regeneration in Three Disputations [& on Conversion & Preparation]’ trans. AI (Becman, 1671), pp. 4-26
Grebenitz (1627-1689) was a German reformed professor of logic, metaphysics and theology at Frankfurt.
Le Blanc de Beaulieu, Louis – ‘On righteousness through the grace of Christ inherent in believers’ in Theological Theses Published at Various Times in the Academy of Sedan 3rd ed. tr. by AI by Colloquia Scholastica (1675; London, 1683), pp. 389-404 Latin
Le Blanc (1614-1675) was a French reformed professor of theology at Sedan.
Rijssen, Leonard – A Complete Summary of Elenctic Theology & of as Much Didactic Theology as is Necessary trans. J. Wesley White MTh thesis (Bern, 1676; GPTS, 2009) 316 pp. with an Introduction by White
ch. 9, ‘The Law, the Fall, & Sin’
Controversy 2 – Can unregenerate man dispose himself toward
conversion? We deny against the same, p. 93
ch. 12, ‘Christ’s Offices’
Controversy 5 on the Priesthood – Did Christ also merit for us the Spirit of regeneration? We affirm against the Arminians, pp. 132-33
ch. 13, ‘Conversion & Faith’
pp. 144-45
pp. 148-52
Owen, John – bk. 3 of Pneumatologia, or a Discourse concerning the Holy Spirit (1676) in Works, vol. 3
ch. 1, ‘Work of the Holy Spirit in the New Creation by Regeneration‘
ch. 2, ‘Works of the Holy Spirit Preparatory unto Regeneration’
ch. 3, ‘Corruption or Depravation of the Mind by Sin’
ch. 4, ‘Life & Death, Natural & Spiritual, Compared’
ch. 5, ‘The Nature, Causes & Means of Regeneration’
ch. 6, ‘The Manner of Conversion Explained in the Instance of Augustine’
Polhill, Edward – pp. 230-33 & 394-401 in Speculum theologiæ in Christo… (London, 1678)
Goodwin, Thomas – bk. 1, ch. 7 & bks. 2-6 & 8-10 ToC in The Work of the Holy Ghost in our Salvation in Works, vol. 6 (d. 1680)
Flavel, John – The Method of Grace, in bringing Home the Eternal Redemption contrived by the Father… (London, 1681)
5th Sermon, on Eph. 2:1
25th Sermon, on 2 Cor. 5:17
26th Sermon, on 2 Cor. 5:17
31st Sermon, on Eph. 5:14
Cole, Thomas – ‘A Discourse of Regeneration, etc.’ on Jn. 3:3 in A Discourse of Regeneration, Faith & Repentance Preached… (London, 1692), pp. 1-160
van Mastricht, Peter – ch. 3, ‘The Regeneration of those to be Redeemed’ in Theoretical Practical Theology (2nd ed. 1698; RHB), vol. 5, pt. 1, bk. 6 This is online in book form below.
Heidegger, Johann H. – sections VII-IX in Locus XXI, ‘On the Grace of Calling’ in The Concise Marrow of Theology (1697; RHB, 2019), pp. 147-48
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1700’s
à Brakel, Wilhelmus – The Christian’s Reasonable Service, ed. Joel Beeke, trans. Bartel Elshout (1700; RHB, 1992/1999), vol. 2
ch. 30, ‘The External & Internal Call’
‘A Refutation of the Arminian Error that Man Has a Natural Inclination to Repent & Believe’, pp. 216-22
‘Man‟s Passivity at the Moment of Regeneration’, pp. 222-25
ch. 31, ‘Regeneration’, pp. 233-61
ch. 43, Proposition 4, ‘Regeneration is the originating cause of spiritual life, and of all spiritual thoughts & deeds’, pp. 659-64
a Brakel (1635-1711) was a contemporary of Voet and Witsius and a major representative of the Dutch Further Reformation.
Howe, John – ch. 10, ‘Regeneration’ in Christian Theology… Systematically Arranged ed. Samuel Dunn (d. 1705; London, 1836), pp. 209-32
Witsius, Herman – ch. 6, ‘Of Regeneration’ in bk. 3 in The Economy of the Covenants… (d. 1708; NY: George Forman, 1798), vol. 2, pp. 49-73
Halyburton, Thomas – ‘A Modest Inquiry whether Regeneration or Justification has the Precedency in Order of Nature’ in The Works of the Rev. Thomas Halyburton… (d. 1712; London: Thomas Tegg, 1835), pp. 547-58
Amongst other helpful things, Halyburton argues the traditional reformed paradigm that regeneration is antecedent to justification, and not the other way around.
Pictet, Benedict – pp. 339-41 of ch. 3, ‘Of Inward Calling’ in Christian Theology… trans. Frederick Reyroux (d. 1724; London, 1834)
Boston, Thomas – pt. 1, ‘On Regeneration’ on 1 Pet. 1:23 in III. The State of Grace in Human Nature in its Fourfold State… in The Whole Works… ed. Samuel M’Millan (d. 1732; Aberdeen: George & Robert King, 1850), vol. 8, pp. 138-76
Ridgley, Thomas – pp. 65-80 of Questions 67-68, ‘Effectual Calling’ in A Body of Divinity… (d. 1734; NY: Robert Carter, 1855), vol. 2, pp. 65-80 The editor’s extended note at the end, that of John M. Wilson, is not necessarily helpful.
Edwards, Jonathan
Ch. 2, ‘The Evidence of the Doctrine of Original Sin from what the Scripture Teaches of the Application of Redemption’ in pt. 3 of The Great Christian Doctrine of Original Sin… in The Works of Jonathan Edwards… in Two Volumes (d. 1758London, 1840), vol. 1, pp. 213-15
On Edwards’s doctrine of regeneration see the synopsis by the editor on p. ccxxxviii.
The ‘Miscellanies’ in WJE Online, vols. 13, 18, 20
78. Regeneration
626.Spirit’s Operation. Nature. Grace. Common Grace. Special Regeneration
847. Regeneration or Conversion
849. Conversion, or rather Regeneration, of Infants & Other Children
Riccaltoun, Robert – ch. 20, ‘Regeneration & Eternal Life’ in Essays on Human Nature & Several Doctrines of Revelation in The Works… in Three Volumes… (Edinburgh: A. Murray, 1771), vol. 1, pp. 390-405
Riccaltoun (1691-1769) was one of the leading Marrow Men.
Brown of Haddington, John – pp. 454-64 in ch. 4, ‘Of Sanctification’ in bk. 5 of A Compendious View of Natural & Revealed Religion… (Glasgow, 1782)
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1800’s
Griffin, Edward D. – Sermon 118, ‘Regeneration Not Wrought by Light’ on Eze. 36:26 in The National Preacher (New York), vol. 6, no. 9 (Feb. 1832), pp. 321-36
Alexander, Archibald
‘A Practical View of Regeneration’ (1836) from The Biblical Repertory & Princeton Review, vol. 8, 30 long paragraphs
Thoughts on Religious Experience (Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1841)
‘Erroneous Views of Regeneration’ 41 paragraphs
‘The New Birth’ 27 short paragraphs
ch. 23, ‘Regeneration & Conversion’ in A Brief Compend of Bible Truth (Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1846), pp. 127-30
Dick, John – Lecture 66, ‘Effectual Calling’, ‘Regeneration’ in Lectures on Theology (Edinburgh: W. Oliphant, 1834), vol. 3, pp. 270-81
Dick was an orthodox Scottish professor of theology in the Secession tradition. Excellent systematic.
Hodge, Charles
‘Regeneration Necessary to Perceive the Beauty & Excellency of Divine Things’ originally entitled, “Regeneration & The New Divinity Trend”, taken from the Princeton Review (1846). It is a review of “Regeneration and the Manner of Its Occurrence, A Sermon from John 5:24″ by Samuel H. Cox, D.D., which advocated some common philosophic arguments against the doctrine of monergistic regeneration.
Hodge refutes the synergistic teaching that the natural man’s decision to trust Christ must come from an indifferent moral disposition and shows that the only reasonable explanation for holy decisions is that they must spring from holy first causes and inclinations.
‘Regeneration’ in Essays & Reviews (1857) pp. 1-48
In this you will find Hodge taking up the interesting subjects of Regeneration, the Atonement, Theories of the Church, that the Roman Church is part of the Visible Church, the Lord’s Supper, Slavery (which he is against) and Emancipation, amongst others.
pt. 3, ch. 15, ‘Regeneration’ ToC in Systematic Theology (d. 1878; NY: Scribner, Armstrong, 1873), vol. 3, pp. 3-40
Buchanan, James – ‘New Birth, Repentance & Faith’ 10 paragraphs, from The Office & Work of the Holy Spirit (1847)
Smeaton, George – Doctrine of Holy Spirit
Hill, George – ch. 1, ‘Regeneration—Conversion—Faith’ in bk. 5 in Lectures in Divinity ed. Alexander Hill (NY: Robert Carter, 1851), pp. 601-10
Hill (d. 1819) was a leader of the moderate party (contra the evangelicals) in Scotland. His textbook was widely influential, and according to Thomas Chalmers, was orthodox, though without the warm fervor that should attend evangelical doctrine. Chalmers used the work with his students of divinity as a platform for his own lectures. See Chalmers’ assessment of Hill’s divinity here.
Plumer, William – ch. 30, ‘Regeneration’ in The Grace of Christ, or Sinners Saved by Unmerited Kindness (Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1853), pp. 261-74
Chalmers, Thomas – bk. 5, ch. 1, ‘Regeneration—Conversion—
Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church of Nova Scotia – Lecture 97, ‘Regeneration’ in A Course of Study in Systematic & Pastoral Theology & Ecclesiastical History… (Charlottetown: Burris Brothers, 1857), p. 71 with a bibliography
Hodge, A.A. – ch. 29, ‘Regeneration’ in Outlines of Theology: Rewritten & Enlarged (d. 1886; NY: A.C. Armstrong, 1905), pp. 456-65
Vos, Geerhardus – ch. 2, ‘Regeneration & Calling’ in Reformed Dogmatics tr: Richard Gaffin 1 vol. ed. Buy (1896; Lexham Press, 2020), vol. 4, ‘Soteriology’, pp. 639-68
Dabney, Robert L. – ‘The Believer Born of Almighty Grace’ on Eph. 1:19-20 in Discussions (d. 1898; Banner of Truth), vol. 1, Evangelical & Theological, pp. 482-96
Macpherson, John – ch. 72, ‘Regeneration’ in Christian Dogmatics (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1898), pp. 397-402
Macpherson was a professor of Free Church of Scotland.
.
1900’s
Bosma, M.J. – ch. 5, ‘Regeneration’ in Exposition of Reformed Doctrine: A Popular Explanation of the Most Essential Teachings of the Reformed Churches (B. Sevensma, 1907), pp. 179-85
Bosma was an American, Dutch reformed pastor in Grand Rapids.
Clark, David – ch. 8, ‘Regeneration’ in A Syllabus of Systematic Theology (1920), pt. 3, Soteriology, pp. 187-88
David Clark was Gordon Clark’s father. The book is dedicated to the Princeton scholars A.A. Hodge, Francis Patton and John Cairns, his professors in systematic theology.
Webb, Robert
ch. 24,‘Regeneration’ in Christian Salvation: its Doctrine & Experience (Presbyterian Committee of Publication, 1921), pp. 293-325
“Webb (1856-1919), professor of apologetics and systematic theology at the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of Kentucky at Louisville (1909-1919), writes from a Reformed and Presbyterian perspective.” – Robert L. Reymond
Ch. 11, ‘Sons by Regeneration’ in The Reformed Doctrine of Adoption (Eerdmans, 1947), pp. 178-88
Berkhof, Louis – ‘Regeneration & Effectual Calling’ 39 paragraphs in Systematic Theology (1950)
Reymond, Robert – ‘Regeneration (New Birth)’ in ch. 19 of A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith (Thomas Nelson, 1998), pp. 718-21
.
Books
1500’s
Morton, Thomas
A Treatise of the Threefold State of Man… (London, 1596), pp. 202-426
pt. 3, ‘Of the changes happening in the three estates, or of the degrees of holiness and sinfulness’
.
1600’s
Whately, William – The New Birth: or a Treatise of Regeneration, Delivered in Certain Sermons, etc. (London, 1619) 186 pp. Method
Whately (1583-1639)
Ambrose, Isaac – Prima, the First Things, in reference to the Middle & Last Things: or, the Doctrine of Regeneration, the New Birth, the very Beginning of a Godly Life (London, 1650) 72 pp. ToC
Ambrose (1604-1664). This contains an appendix, ‘A more particular method for the man not yet born again, to have his part in the second birth’.
Swinnock, George – The Door of Salvation Opened by the Key of Regeneration in Works, vol. 5, pp. 3-264
Dickson, David – Therapeutica Sacra, showing Briefly the Method of Healing the Diseases of the Conscience concerning Regeneration (Edinburgh, 1664) 532 pp. ToC
Charnock, Stephen – Discourses: The Necessity, the Nature, the Efficiency & the Instrument of Regeneration in Works (1865), vol. 3, pp. 3-335
Wallis, John – The Necessity of Regeneration in Two Sermons… (London, 1682) 47 pp.
van Mastricht, Peter – A Treatise on Regeneration… with an Appendix containing Extracts from many Celebrated Divines of the Reformed Church… (1698; New Haven, 1770) 85 pp. no ToC from Theoretical Practical Theology (2nd ed. 1698; RHB), vol. 5, pt. 1, bk. 6, ch. 2
Preface
On Jn. 3:5 9
Doctrinal Part 14
Argumentive Part 31
Practical Part 50
Appendix 64
.
1700’s
Doddridge, Philip – Practical Discourses on Regeneration, in Ten Sermons (d. 1751) 250 pp.
Witherspoon, John – A Practical Treatise on Regeneration (d. 1794) 330 pp.
.
1800’s
Backus, Charles – The Scripture Doctrine of Regeneration considered, in Six Discourses (Hartford: Hudson, 1800) 180 pp. ToC
Backus (1749-1803) was an American congregationalist minister.
Spring, Gardiner – Dissertation on the Means of Regeneration (NY: 1828) 50 pp.
Buchanan, James – The Office & Work of the Holy Spirit (1842) specifically Part 1, The Spirit’s Work in the Conversion of Sinners, p. 9, 230 pp. and Part II, Illustrative Cases from the Bible, p. 239, 195 pp.
Anderson, William – Regeneration (1850; London: Hodder, 1875) 330 pp. ToC with an Introduction by John Ker
Anderson was a Scottish Relief minister in Glasgow, which branch merged with the United Presbyterian Church. He was involved with the 1839 revival in Kilsyth and was a friend of George Gilfillan.
Wilson, Superville, Payne, Caird & Seeley – Regeneration; being Five Discourses (London: Religious Tract Society) 160 pp. no ToC
.
1900’s
Bavinck, Herman – Saved by Grace: the Holy Spirit’s Work in Calling & Regeneration Buy (1901; RHB) 230 pp.
Bavinck wrote this in critique of his fellow contemporary Dutch leader, Abraham Kuyper, the father of Neo-Calvinism and a proponent of presumptive regeneration.
.
Confessions, etc.
1500’s
2nd Helvetic Confession (1566) – ch. 9, ‘Of Free-will & so of Man’s Power & Ability’
.
1600’s
Synod of Dort (1618-1619) – Canons
3-4th Heads, articles 3, 11-12, 16-17, rejection 4, 8
5th Head, article 1, 7, rejection 3, 4, 8
.
Quotes
Order of
Spanheim
Leigh
Rutherford
Voet
Capel
.
1600’s
Friedrich Spanheim
‘Miscellaneous Theological Disputation exhibiting a Theological Compendium’ in Disputationum Theologicarum Miscellaneorum Pars Prima (d. 1649; Geneva: Chouët, 1652), trans. AI by Roman Prestarri at Confessionally Reformed Theology Latin
“39. The efficient cause of this faith is God’s Spirit, who through internal calling produces its act, through sanctification its habit, and through this omnimodo-sanctity according to parts, although not according to degrees, both as to the repurgation of faculties corrupted through sin and as to the convenient subordination of them inverted through sin.”
.
Edward Leigh
A System or Body of Divinity… (London, 1654), bk. 7, ch. 2, ‘Of Effectual Vocation’, p. 490
“Regeneration (says Dr. [William] Twisse) is to be preferred before salvation, the one [is] a translation from the state of nature into the state of grace; the other is only a translation from the state of grace into the state of glory.
By the one we are made the sons of God; by the other we only obtain the inheritance of the sons of God.”
.
Samuel Rutherford
The Covenant of Life Opened… (1655), p. 95
“Question: ‘Who are they who are to believe God shall give them a new heart?’
Answer: No man is positively to believe it while God work it in Him, for no man is to believe that he is predestinated to glory while he first have the effects thereof in him, ‘the hid Manna’, ‘the white Stone’, ‘the new Name’. But no man is to despair or to create fatal inferences that he is reprobate, since God begins kindly with him with a Gospel call.”
.
Gisbert Voet
Select Theological Disputations (1655), vol. 2, Disputation 30, ‘On Regeneration’, pt. 2 (1639), p. 447 ff. tr. AI by Roman Prestarri Latin at Confessionally Reformed Theology
“1. That it is necessary for salvation, Jn. 3:3.
2. That regeneration is one action in species, and consequently always one and uniform for all, as to essentials.
3. That it is instantaneous, or that it happens in an instant. But what is said by some to be successive is to be understood of the whole complex or collection of the terminus in the first and second moment; but we here treat of the terminus of regeneration in the first moment.
4. That it is perfect (as also all actions of God) according to the divine idea and intention; in the same way the first creation of all things was perfect. But I say it is perfect not only in itself and by reason of God operating (to whom no defect can happen), but also by reason of the terminus and intended effect, and of the operation proportionate to it.
5. That it is supernatural, transcending the whole of nature and its works and the order constituted in creation, Matthew 16:17; John 1:9–10, 12–13.
6. That consequently it is of God alone, no less than creation and resuscitation, Romans 4:17.
7. That the mode of operating or causality of God regenerating is physical, by which one thing is directly changed into another, and the new creature is produced and introduced.
8. That the same is nevertheless called moral or objective, not in itself and with respect to regeneration as such, but by reason of its adjunct, whether antecedent or concomitant, namely, calling.
9. That it is infallible by reason of God’s intention and the event, and irresistible and invincible by reason of the mode and efficacy of operating. For although man according to his innate depravity can do nothing but resist in the divided sense, yet actually he does not resist nor can he resist in the composite sense, when the Holy Spirit regenerating removes resistibility by impressing a new principle of spiritual life.
10. Therefore no voluntary or involuntary of man has place in this first moment, because no human action intervenes, but it is the action of God alone. So that the will conducts itself neutrally and purely passively with respect to the new principle, here willing or not willing nothing. Yet regeneration could be called voluntary as to man by extrinsic denomination from the consequent effect, or by a certain extrinsic respect, on account of the subsequent (not indeed antecedent or simultaneous) consent of the will, or new and regenerate volition, by which, excited by second grace in the second moment, man himself begins to will the spiritual goods offered through calling according to the new will divinely impressed, and according as the Holy Spirit made him willing from unwilling, and works in him τὸ θέλειν [to thelein, the willing] and to accomplish.
11. Finally, that it is difficult if you look to nature and flesh, yet easy if you look to τὸ κράτος τῆς ἰσχύος [to kratos tēs ischuos, the might of the power] divine, Matthew 19:23–26, compared with Ephesians 1:19; Proverbs 21:1; Romans 11:23.
Hence omnipotent facility and easy omnipotence are attributed to God regenerating.”
.
Richard Capel
Tentations: their Nature, Danger, Cure, the Fourth Part, pp. 38-39 bound in Tentations… sixth edition, the Fourth Part left enlarged (London: Ratcliffe, 1659) Note that Capel here appears to write in the Amyrauldian vein on this topic.
“God does not ravish our wills, but by setting up a sacred light in our understandings, and a sacred power in our wills, He makes our will fit to determine themselves; we do not determine God’s will, nor does God immediately determine our wills, but by infusing a life and soul, as it were, of grace, without precedent preparations often and where there be preparations, yet the first preparation must needs be without a former, we cannot take in anything without a light of grace; but the light of grace, as of glory, must needs be received immediately into the soul.
By an habit of grace, deserved for us by Christ, God makes our wills determine themselves to follow Him; and this the Scripture calls, not a forcing, but a drawing of us, not as we draw a man to the gibbet, but as we draw a man to a wedding who has the wedding garment, or as we draw a sheep after us with a bush of ivy, as we draw children after us with nuts and apples, by way of persuasion, indeed, which is so forcible, that Scripture calls it a kind of constraining…
The act of knowing works so in clear evidence of the object, that the understanding cannot choose but assent: The act of believing waits upon the will.
All this must be received with a grain of salt thus; There is an act of the will to receive grace, which is antecedent to the first infusion of faith, but so as that it is concomitant with it: Antecedent in the first moment of nature, concomitant in the first moment of time, as the wind by blowing opens the window, and the window by opening lets in the wind. This wind which ‘blows as it lists’ (Jn. 3:8), is the voice of the Spirit within (a voice behind us, Isa. 30:20), which knows and tells a man what is in a man…”
.
Historical Theology
On the Post-Reformation
Cunningham, William – section 4, ‘The Will in Regeneration’ in Historical Theology, (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1863-1864), vol. 1, ch. 20, ‘The Doctrine of the Will’, pp. 613-25
Muller, Richard – Dictionary of Latin & Greek Theological Terms… (Baker, 1985)
.
On 1800’s American, Southern Presbyterianism
Fentiman, Travis – II. The Doctrine of Adoption: A. Adoption is distinct from Regeneration in John L. Girardeau’s Doctrine of Adoption: a Systematic and Biblical Defense (RBO, 2014), pp. 4-6
.
That Regeneration Changes & Determines the Will, & not the Intellect Only
Quotes
Order of
Bremen Delegation at Dort
Walaeus
Voet
Ward
Spanheim
Holtzfus
.
1600’s
Bremen [Germany] Delegation at Dort 1618
‘On the Grace of God’, p. 36 in ‘On Predestination, Reprobation, Christ’s Death, Regeneration, Free Choice & Perseverance’ in The Acts of the Synod of Dort (1618)
“We reject as heretical the following statements:
…
10. That the action by which we are converted is only moral persuasion, and not truly a supernatural act proceeding from the omnipotence of God and exercising influence upon both our intellect and our will.
11. That there is only an awakening and assisting grace to which we freely give assent, not a grace that truly corrects the intellect and will.”
.
Anthony Walaeus
Theological Theses on the Efficacious Vocation of the Sinner to Salvation trans. AI (Leiden: Marcus, 1620), p. 7
“XXVI. If it is necessary for the reparation to be co-extensive with the corruption, and the latter has invaded all the faculties of the soul, the former must also be constituted in all its parts. And since supernatural life has been extinguished in the whole man, and not in the will or the mind separately, the whole man must also become a partaker of spiritual life, so that he may be truly called regenerated.
XXVII. Therefore, the darkened mind is illuminated (Eph. 1:18), the will, prone only to evil, is bent toward the good, the disordered affections, alienated from the rule of reason, begin again to listen to it and to be more subject to the will (Rom. 6:12), and finally, the whole man comes into some part of this new and divine change.
XXVIII. Those who state that here only the mind is illuminated and the affections corrected, but that the will is not healed, but only freed from impediments and rendered more ready to exercise the faculty inherent in it, must see on what foundation of Scripture they do this. We, on the contrary, feel that the will is as much the subject of this reparation as the mind.”
.
Gisbert Voet
Select Theological Disputations (1655), vol. 2, Disputation 30, ‘On Regeneration’, pt. 2 (1639), p. 447 ff. tr. AI by Roman Prestarri Latin at Confessionally Reformed Theology
“IV. Problem: Whether the will, both in the first and in the second moment of conversion, is determined by grace immediately, or indeed mediately through the ultimate judgment of the practical intellect?
Response: See concerning this question the Appendix to the Disputations on Creation.
V. Problem: Whether the affirmative opinion [that the will is determined in conversion only mediately] does not favor Pelagianism, and deny the necessity and efficacy of grace in the will?
Response: Negative, because they can nevertheless defend special grace, and that efficaciously prevailing and conquering, which is never rejected or can be rejected by any hard heart, in the composite sense; moreover they attribute nothing of faculty or cooperation for spiritual life to man in the first moment of conversion—as can be seen in [John] Cameron’s disputation with Tilenus, and his apology against the epistle of the anonymous Remonstrant (entitled “The Epistle of a Learned Man,” etc.) afterwards published.
VI. Problem: Whether the truth can be more easily, evidently, and solidly explained and defended against the Pelagians by this reasoning?
Response: So indeed Cameron, just praised, seems to think, and with him Dr. Maccovius in his Academic Disputations recently published. Yet the ancient and received opinion is not obscurely preferred by Molinaeus in his Disputation on Free Will; Walaeus in his Disputation on the Conversion of the Will, in the year 1622, on the 17th day of March; Ames in his Medulla, and passim in his Anti-Remonstrant writings; and Spanheim, who appeared after the first edition of the present disputation, in his latest writing against Universal Grace.
The Dominicans and other genuine Thomists, who today plead the cause of God in this matter against the Jesuits and other more recent Pelagians, do not think alike here—concerning which elsewhere. We touch on this question in the Disputations and Problems on Creation.”
.
Samuel Ward
Works of Samuel Ward… ed. Seth Ward (d. 1643; Gallibrand, 1658), Theological Determinations, ‘The Grace of Conversion Determines the Will’, p. 171
“But our [Reformed] theologians and very many of the Pontificists, both Jesuits and Dominicans, follow a different opinion, and deservedly; for it is certain that the human will is so efficaciously moved and prevented by divine grace that it is infallibly determined to the act of conversion. But whether this determination of the will by grace happens through moral but efficacious persuasions alone [on the intellect, with the will necessarily following], or also through a physical and immediate inclination of the will (which I deem more probable), is not something we should now discuss.”
.
Friedrich Spanheim, Sr.
Disputationum Theologicarum Miscellaneorum Pars Prima (d. 1649; Geneva: Chouët, 1652), ‘Miscellaneous Theological Disputation’, trans. AI by Roman Prestarri at Confessionally Reformed Theology Latin
“33. Effectual calling consists in the production of faith, nor is it made only through illumination of the intellect, but also through the efficacious motion of the heart.”
.
1700’s
Barthold Holtzfus
‘Theological Dissertation on the Free Will of Man’ trans. AI by Nosferatu (Frankfurt: Zeitler, 1707), pp. 25-26 Latin
“§XIV… in the first moment of conversion, while the intellect is being illuminated, the will is being prepared, disposed, and changed, it behaves merely passively, with Scripture as witness.
…
Man, however, being illuminated, aided, and renewed by this grace of God through the Word, and from being unwilling made willing, under grace, with a free but attendant will, without injury to his free will, freely and actively complies with operating grace, and with resistance having been taken away, willingly cooperates and concurs, according to the vow of the Church, Cant. 1:3: “Draw me, we will run after thee.” To which can be referred that passage in Jer. 20:7: “Thou hast seduced me, O Lord, and I am seduced: thou art stronger than I, and thou hast prevailed.” For grace does not kill free will, but remakes it; does not abolish it, but cherishes it; does not take it away, but transfers it, according to Prosper and Bernard.”
.
On Regeneration as Equated with Sanctification
See also ‘Sanctification as Including Regeneration’.
.
Order of
Quotes 6+
Latin 1
.
Quotes
Order of
Calvin
Beza
Polanus
T. Hooker
Voet
Hoornbeek
Holtzfus
.
1500’s
John Calvin
.
Theodore Beza
A Book of Christian Questions & Answers… (London: How, 1574), p. 45
“Further I say that the force and efficacy of this most pure holiness which is in the flesh of Christ, flows even into us by the working of the Holy Ghost in us, so as we be hallowed in ourselves, that is to say, we be segregated from the defilings of this world, and serve God both in spirit and body. Which benefit is everywhere in the Scriptures called sanctification, or holiness, regeneration, or newbirth, illumination or enlightening, the new man, the new creature, and the Spirit or Spiritualness.”
.
1600’s
Amandus Polanus
Substance of Christian Religion Soundly set forth in Two Books, by Definitions & Partitions… (London, 1595), ‘Regeneration’, pp. 94-95
“Regeneration is a benefit of God, by which our corrupted nature is renewed to the image of God by the Holy Spirit, 2 Pet. 1:4; Tit. 3:5; Gal. 4:6; 2 Cor. 3:7.
That same is also called sanctification, and the gift of grace. Rom. 5. Also of schoolemen it is called an infused grace.
Regeneration is either begun, or perfected: the former belongs to this life, the latter to the life to come…
Regeneration of the soul is that whereby the powers of the soul are renewed. Tit. 3:5; Gal. 4:6.”
.
‘Theological Theses on the Choice of Man’, pt. 2 (Basel: Waldkirchius, 1597) trans. at Obedientia Mortis Christi Latin
“61. And because regeneration in this life is imperfect, it cannot perfectly and completely fulfill God’s Law (Rom. 7). So much for the powers of human choice in this life; what remains concerns its powers after this life.”
.
Thomas Hooker
The Application of Redemption by the Effectual Work of the Word & Spirit of Christ for the bringing home of lost sinners to God (d. 1647; London: Cole, 1656), bk. 10, p. 675
“For the Spirit in the work of application sustains a double office, and so a double respect:
As a Spirit Assisting,
As a Spirit Inhabiting,
And yet the same Spirit of Regeneration in such as shall be saved (taking Regeneration in the breadth thereof, including the whole work), though the operation be double or divers, according to the diversity of the subject, as the soul of a sinner, upon which the work of applica∣tion must be made according to the degrees thereof.”
.
Gisbert Voet
Disputation 30, ‘On Regeneration’, pt. 2 (1639) tr. AI by Roman Prestarri in Select Theological Disputations (1655), vol. 2, pp. 447ff. Latin at Confessionally Reformed Theology
“Problem 1: Whether therefore regeneration in the second moment always actually grows and is intensified?
Response: As to the universal or perpetual and whole course, affirmatively. As to the particular, incidental, and πρόσκαιρος [proskairos, temporary] impediment or regression, remission, diminution, and relapse of that course, negatively.
Not otherwise than a boy grows in stature, although through disease or other impediment that growth is sometimes stopped, indeed the stature seems to be diminished. With this distinction the practical writers are to be understood, who make continual augmentation in grace and in all acts of the new man an infallible sign of true conversion. See Rev. 2:4–5; Gal. 3:1, 3; and 5:7.”
.
Johannes Hoornbeek
Theological Disputation on the State of Grace (Leiden: Johann Elsevir, 1664), Corollaries Latin
“1. Although regeneration is the work of God, yet in this life it is imperfect while we are in the state of grace.
2. And so it admits degrees of further perfection.”
.
1700’s
Barthold Holtzfus
‘Theological Dissertation on Sanctification’ trans. AI (Frankfurt: Zeitler, 1709), p. 2 Holtzfus (1659-1717) was a German, reformed professor of philosophy and theology at Frankfurt.
“§IV. It [sanctification] is distinguished from regeneration. For regeneration, strictly taken, signifies the beginning of the spiritual life; but sanctification, the progress and continuation of the spiritual life, made through the habits of the spiritual virtues, by which the faithful are gradually led to perfection, although many take regeneration in a broader sense as a synonym for sanctification.”
.
Latin Article
1600’s
Heidegger, Johann H. – Locus 21, ‘Of the Grace of Calling’, sect. 27-29, ‘Of the Imperfection of Regeneration’ in The Marrow of Christian Theology: an Introductory Epitome of the Body of Theology (Zurich, 1713), pp. 148-49
.
On the Regeneration of Infants
Westminster
Intro
In the excerpts below notice the divines’ distinction between the grace of faith which enables a person to believe, or gives them this power, versus the acts of faith by which the person actually accepts and receives Christ. What is not noted explicitly in the Confession is the great time delay that the divines often allowed in these things in respect of infants being regenerated. This distinction and possible time delay is taught in detail by Mastricht in the article below. The Confession does allow for this time delay in infants in its chapter on baptism.
Note also though, that the Confession does not say that baptism is the regular time that God regenerates infants. Rather, it in fact says, in the chapter on Saving Faith, that the ordinary time of regeneration is concurrent with the hearing of the Word, that is when children have the ability to understand it and exercise active faith.
.
Confession of Faith
ch. 14, ‘Of Saving Faith’
“I. The grace of faith, whereby the elect are enabled to believe to the saving of their souls,[a] is the work of the Spirit of Christ in their hearts,[b] and is ordinarily wrought by the ministry of the Word:[c] by which also, and by the administration of the sacraments, and prayer, it is increased and strengthened.[d]
[a] Heb. 10:39.
[b] 2 Cor. 4:13. Eph. 1:17-19. Eph. 2:8.
[c] Rom. 10:14,17.
[d] 1 Pet. 2:2. Acts 20:32. Rom. 4:11. Luke 17:5. Rom. 1:16,17.
II. By this faith, a Christian believeth to be true whatsoever is revealed in the word, for the authority of God himself speaking therein;[e] and acteth differently upon that which each particular passage thereof containeth; yielding obedience to the commands,[f] trembling at the threatenings,[g] and embracing the promises of God for this life and that which is to come.[h] But the principal acts of saving faith are, accepting, receiving, and resting upon Christ alone for justification, sanctification, and eternal life, by virtue of the covenant of grace.[i]
[e] John 4:42. 1 Thess. 2:13. 1 John 5:10. Acts 24:14.
[f] Rom. 16:26.
[g] Isa. 66:2.
[h] Heb. 11:13. 1 Tim. 4:8.
[i] John 1:12. Acts 16:31. Gal. 2:20. Acts 15:11“
.
ch. 28, ‘Of Baptism’
“VI. The efficacy of baptism is not tied to that moment of time wherein it is administered;[q] yet notwithstanding, by the right use of this ordinance, the grace promised is not only offered, but really exhibited and conferred by the Holy Ghost, to such (whether of age or infants) as that grace belongeth unto, according to the counsel of God’s own will, in his appointed time.[r]
[q] John 3:5,8.
[r] Gal. 3:27. Tit. 3:5. Eph. 5:25,26. Acts 2:38,41“
.
Articles
1600’s
van Mastricht, Peter – section XVII of A Treatise on Regeneration… (New Haven, 1770), Doctrinal Part, pp. 27-8
.
1800’s
Buchanan, James – ‘The Regeneration of Infants’ (1843) 27 pp. from his The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit, p. 212 ff.
.
On the Possibility of a Difference of Time between Regeneration & Saving Repentance & Faith
Order of
Intro
Quotes 5
.
Intro
Note that if any infant is regenerated in infancy, then this principle must hold. The case of adults is a bit different, yet with reformed persons answering both No (Walaeus) and Yes (Mastricht).
.
Quotes
Order of
Walaeus
C. Burges
Baxter
Mastricht
Alexander
.
1600’s
Anthony Walaeus
Theological Theses on the Efficacious Vocation of the Sinner to Salvation trans. AI (Leiden: Marcus, 1620), pp. 4-5
“XVI. That this may be more in the open, the phrases and modes of speaking which Scripture uses in expressing the conversion of man are to be noted, as that God circumcises our heart (Dt. 30:6), that He takes away the stony heart and provides a fleshy one (Eze. 36:26), that we are drawn by the Father (Jn. 6:44), that those who believe, believe according to the efficacy of the power of his might (Eph. 1:18-19), and similar phrases which occur throughout.
XVII. The efficacy of the Spirit which is signified here is such that where it is, there also a new creature exists. For the circumcision of the heart, the bending of the mind to faith, and the change of the heart constitute a new creature. Since this, therefore, is from the Holy Spirit, the new man also exists in act.
XVIII. But not in potentiality only, so that conversion is then left to the liberty of his will; for God brings man not only to the power of believing, but to the very act of believing or converting (Jn. 6:44; Phil. 1:29; Acts 13:48).
XIX. For either God does not give the act of believing itself, but only aids and the power of faith to be elicited by free will; or if He does give it, where is the place for deliberation, whether one wishes to believe or to be converted? For one who is already believing, there will certainly be none at all.
XX. Indeed, the very corruption of man requires this. For Scripture names him dead. If he is dead, either he will not be resurrected to life at all, or if he is resurrected, it is necessary that this be done with that efficacy of which we have already spoken, so that the effect follows without doubt. The consequence follows, for since this resurrection indicates an infusion of life from God (Eph. 2:5) and an immortal seed implanted in man (1 Pet. 1:23), with this life infused, will not the man live? Or will the choice of living be left to liberty? But if life is not infused into him, he remains dead, and thus there will be no conversion of him.
XXI. Nor indeed should anyone say here that God gives a kind of half-life, leaving the rest to be perfected by man. The phrases cited above do not permit this, for they indicate not some partial action, but a full and complete one. The condition of a man spiritually dead also opposes this fiction, for if only a particle of supernatural life is communicated to him, he must add the rest from his own resources. That will never be added by him who does not have it, and thus the conversion will be stuck. But if the better portion is conferred by God, the new creature already exists, if only from this, that the greater power overcomes the lesser in acting.
XXII. This very thing is proven further. The hindrances which impede man’s conversion are the darkness of the mind (Eph. 4:18), the projection of the will toward evil (Gen. 8:21), and the disorder of the affections (Rom. 7:20). When these have been in large part restored in conversion by God, and good qualities have been substituted in place of these impediments, it is necessary that the faculties of the soul begin to operate differently, nor is it left free whether they wish to be converted or otherwise, being already converted in act.”
.
Cornelius Burges
Baptismal Regeneration of Elect Infants Professed by the Church of England... (Oxford: Curteyn, 1629), ch. 2, pp. 14-16
“That other [term] of ‘regeneration’, I take to be all one with spiritual life, taken in the largest sense; which life, according to the Scriptures, I distinguish into initial and actual. For as in the natural, sometimes the soul, which is usually called ‘the form by which’, and sometimes the esse, the ‘being’ itself of such or such a creature animated by his soul, is put for life, as that learned [Jerome] Zanchi well observes (Of the Nature of God, bk. 2, ch. 5, question 1): so is it in the spiritual life whereof we are now to treat. And upon this foundation it is that we rightly build our present distinction, which has clear footing also in the sacred volumes of eternal truth.
1. Initial (which we may also term seminal or potential life), I call that which consists in participation of the Spirit of Christ, as the form of this spiritual life: the Spirit being the first principle of regeneration, by whom the first seed and foundation thereof is laid in a Christian. And this is life as it were in the root, like unto the first principles of reason laid up in the rational soul, before it has actually enabled the body to move and act rationally. And of this, says acute [Francis] Junius (Of Paedobaptism, thesis 7), our Savior spake in Jn. 3; more clearly to our purpose is that of the apostle, Rom. 8:10, “The Spirit is life, because of righteousness,” where the Spirit, which is the cause of life, is put for life itself: and by ‘the Spirit’ is meant not the reasonable soul, but the Holy Ghost; if Calvin (and before him Chrysostom and Ambrose, and after him Peter Martyr) hit right in the exposition of it,¹ whereof for my part (after serious pensitation of all that any have said to carry it to another sense) I make no question.
¹ Galatians, in location: Vocabulo spiritus ne animam nostram intelligas, sed regenerationis spiritum quem vitam appellat Paulus. [By the term ‘spirit’, understand not our soul, but the Spirit of regeneration, which Paul calls life.]
2. Actual, I call that which consists properly in the very spiritual being itself actually produced in a Christian, by the Spirit bringing him forth a new man in Christ, in the ordinary course of regeneration of such as live to years, whereby he is enabled actually to believe, repent, etc. Rom. 6:11, “Likewise ye, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin: but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord.” So Gal. 2:20 and elsewhere.”
.
Richard Baxter
A Christian Directory... (London: 1673), Question 42, ‘But the great question is, How the Holy Ghost is given to infants in baptism?…’, p. 819
“15. But when and in what sort and degree Christ gives the actual operations of the Spirit to all covenanted infants, it is wonderful hard for us to know. But this much seems clear:
1. That Christ may when he please work on the soul of an Infant to change its disposition, before he come to the use of Reason.
2. That Christ and his Spirit as in Covenant with infants, are ready to give all necessary assistance to infants for their inherent sanctification in the use of those means, and on those further conditions, on which we must wait for it and expect it. For the Holy Ghost is not so engaged to us in our Covenant or baptism, as to be obliged presently to give us all the grace that we want; but only to give it us on certain further conditions, and in the use of certain means.”
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Peter van Mastricht
Theoretical-Practical Theology (RHB), vol. 5, on Regeneration
.
1800’s
A.A. Alexander
Thoughts on Religious Experience (Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1841), pp. 16-17
“But the persons to whom we refer seem to think that nothing is done towards the salvation of men, but at the moment of their conversion, and that every good effect must be at once manifest. Perhaps some one may infer that we believe in a gradual regeneration, and that special grace differs from common, only in degree; but such an inference would be utterly false, for there can be no medium between life and death;
but we do profess to believe and maintain, that there is a gradual preparation, by common grace, for regeneration, which may be going on from childhood to mature age; and we believe that, as no mortal can tell the precise moment, when the soul is vivified, and as the principle of spiritual life in its commencement is often very feeble, so it is an undoubted truth, that the developement of the new life in the soul may be, and often is, very slow; and not unfrequently that which is called conversion is nothing else but a more sensible and vigorous exercise of a principle which has long existed.
Just as the seed under ground may have life, and may be struggling to come forth to open day; but it may meet with various obstructions and unfavourable circumstances which retard its growth. At length, however, it makes its way through the earth, and expands its leaves to the light and the air, and begins to drink in from every source that nutriment which it needs.
No one supposes, however, that the moment of its appearing above ground is the commencement of its life; but this mistake is often made in the analogous case of the regeneration of the soul. The first clear and lively exercise of faith and repentance is made the date of the origin of spiritual life, whereas it existed in a feeble state, and put forth obscure acts long before.”
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The Person in Romans 7:6-25 is Regenerate
Articles
1600’s
Willet, Andrew – Hexapla, that is, A Sixfold Commentary upon the Most Divine Epistle of the Holy Apostle St. Paul to the Romans… (Cambridge, 1611), ch. 7, Questions & Doubts Discussed
36th Question, ‘Of that famous question whether St. Paul do speak in his own person, or of another here in this 7th Chapter’
. ‘The former arguments answered’
. ‘Arguments for the affirmative part, that St. Paul speaks in
. his own person as of a man regenerate’
37th Question, ‘Whether St. Paul was troubled with the tentations of the flesh, and with what?’
Cade, Anthony – Saint Paul’s Agony, a Sermon Preached… specially touching the motions of sin remaining in the Regenerate (London, 1618)
Cade (c.1564-1641) was a reformed Anglican.
.
1700’s
Fraser, James –
.
Latin Articles
1600’s
Beumler, Marcus – A Theological Theorem: Whether or Not St. Paul in Rom. 7, from verse 14 to the end, speaks of himself, and so converted and regenerate, or not converted (Zurich, 1609)
Beumler (1555-1611)
Rutherford, Samuel – 9. ‘Whether the Apostle speaks of the regenerate man in Rom. 7? We affirm against the Remonstrants and Papists’, pp. 527-30 An Examination of Arminianism (c. 1639-42; Utrecht, 1668), ch. 12, pp. 527-30
.
On Future Regeneration
Order of
Quote 1
Article 1
.
Quote
1600’s
Anthony Burgess
The True Doctrine of Justification Asserted & Vindicated, from the Errours of Papists, Arminians, Socinians & more especially Antinomians in 30 Lectures (London: Miller, 1651), Lecture 29, on Acts 3:19, pp. 256-58
“Thus Mt. 19:28, the Last Day is also called the day of regeneration unto the people of God; yet in this life they partake of that grace, but because then is the full perfection and manifestation of it, therefore the Scripture calls it the day of regeneration. Even as the apostle, Acts 13:33, applies that passage of the psalm to Christ’s resurrection, ‘This day have I begotten thee,’ because then was such a solemn and public declaration that he was the Son of God. No marvel then, if the Scripture do also call the day of judgment a time when sins shall be blotted out [Acts 3:19], because then is the public absolution of the godly; and according to philosophy motions receive their names from the term to which they tend.”
.
Latin Article
Voet, Gisbert
A Syllabus of Theological Problems… (Utrecht, 1643), 2nd Section, Of Redemption, Tract 3, Of the Effect of Christ the Mediator, II. Of the Application of Salvation
Of Regeneration in the Second Moment, or of the Actual Conversion of a Sinner
Appendix: Of the Perfection of Regeneration Following & of the Perfection of Sanctification in Death or After Death
.
Latin Articles
1500’s
Calvin, John – ch. 18 in An Instruction Against the Fanatical & Furious Sect of the Libertines, which Call Themselves ‘The Spiritual Ones’ in The Smaller Works of John Calvin… (1563), pp. 216-228
Zanchi, Jerome
ch. 20, ‘Of the Free-Choice of a Regenerate Man, & of the Power to Good’, pp. 199-205 in The Faith of the Christian Religion (Newstadt, 1588; 1601)
ch. 7. ‘Of the Powers of Free-Choice in a Regenerate Man’ in Of the Fall of the First Man, of Sin & of the Law in The Theological Works (1618; n.d.), vol. 4, pp. 136-61 Hard to read
Table of Contents
ch. 1, 7 theses 136
ch. 2, 5 theses 140
Of the Power of the Will… 2 theses 144
Question 3, thesis 3 146
Question 4, thesis 6 149
Question 5, thesis 5 153
Question 6 153
Question 7, thesis 7 155
Question 8, thesis 8 156
Arguments to the contrary 158
Aretius, Benedict – Sacred Problems of Theology: Common Places of the Christian Religion Methodically Explicated (Geneva, 1589; Bern, 1604)
43. ‘On Regeneration’, pp. 127-29
44. ‘On the New Man’, pp. 129-32
Aretius (1505–1574)
.
1600’s
Polanus, Amandus
Theological Theses on the Regeneration of Man (Basil, 1603)
Polanus (1561-1610)
38. ‘Of Regeneration’ in The Divisions of Theology Framed according to a Natural Orderly Method (Basil, 1590; Geneva, 1623), bk. 1, pp. 135-39
Alsted, Johann H. – ch. 28. ‘On Regeneration’ in Theological Questions Briefly Set Forth and Exposited (Frankfurt, 1627), pp. 209-16
Eglinus, Raphael – 19 Didactic Theses on Our Regeneration & of the Office of the Regenerate, Rom. 6 (Marburg, 1614)
Eglinus (1559-1622)
Pareus, David –Theological Collections of Universal Orthodox Theology… (1611/1620)
vol. 1
Collection 1
14. ‘Sanctification, the other Benefit of Christ, which is Regeneration & Conversion unto God’, pp. 58-66
Pareus (1548-1622)
Collection 2
27. ‘On Regeneration & Repentance’, pp. 255-60
28. Appendix on Regeneration & Repentance, Comprehending the False Dogma of Romanists, pp. 260-64
vol. 2
Collection 2
17. ‘On Regeneration, or the Conversion of Man to God’, pp. 136-41
Collection 3
13. ‘On Conversion, or the Regeneration of Man’, pp. 157-59
Maccovius, Johannes
A Theological Disputation on Regeneration (Franeker, 1625)
Maccovius (1588-1644)
A Theological Collection of all that which is Extant... (Franeker, 1641)
1st Part: a Collection, 6. Miscellaneous Questions are Pulled Together, pp. 396-410
Disputation 1, ‘Of a Previous Preparation to Regeneration’, pp. 396-406 Two Related Questions:
‘Whether the Word of God may be Savingly Heard Before Regeneration?’ [No], pp. 406-8
Another Part: Theological Theses through Common Places, pt. 4, Disputations
1. Of Regeneration 312
2. Whether dispositions in unregenerate men are given unto regeneration? 314
3. Whether a man may cooperate with God in his regeneration, or whether his self may merely, passively accept [habeat] it? 317
4. Whether any may savingly hear the Word of God who is not regenerate? 320
5. Of the Power of God which is used in our Regeneration 323
6. Of the Effects of Regeneration, and in Specific of Faith 326
V. “Whether reigning sin may occur in the regenerate?” [No] in Johannes Maccovius Revived, or Manuscripts of his… ed. Nicolaas Arnoldi (Amsterdam, 1659), Anti-Eckhardus, ch. 10, Of Sin, p. 657
“The Holy Spirit repudiates this question, Rom. 6:14 to the end.”
Voet, Gisbert
A Syllabus of Theological Problems (Utrecht, 1643)
Of Reigning Sin
Of the Sin of a Spiritual Person
4. Of Calling, Regeneration & Conversion
Of Calling
Of Regeneration
. Essence & Cause
. Adjuncts & Effects
Of Regeneration in the Second Moment, or of
. the Actual Conversion of a Sinner
Appendix: Of the Perfection of Regeneration Following & of the Perfection of Sanctification in Death or After Death
Select Theological Disputations (Utrecht, 1648-1669)
vol. 2
‘On Regeneration’, pp. 465-447
‘On Regeneration’, pt. 2, pp. 447-65
Appendix on the Second Moment of Conversion, pp. 465-68
vol. 5
‘Whether Christ merited the special grace of regeneration and faith for those having been elected and are to be saved?’ [Yes], pp. 270-77
‘A Diatribe on the Spiritual Man, on 1 Cor. 2:15’, pp. 408-19
Maresius, Samuel – ch. 19. ‘Whether we hold that regenerate men have been sinning out of custom [consuetudine]?’ in The Hydra of Socinianism Expunged (Groningen, 1651), vol. 3, bk. 5, pp. 584-94
Chamier, Daniel – 18. ‘Of Concupiscence in the Regenerate’ in A Body of Theology, or Theological Common Places (Geneva, 1653), bk. 5, pp. 233-36
Chamier (1564–1621)
Cocceius, Johannes – ch. 44. ‘Of Regeneration’ in A Sum of Theology Rehearsed out of the Scriptures (Geneva, 1665), pp. 445-52
Rutherford, Samuel – An Examination of Arminianism (c. 1639-42; Utrecht, 1668)
ch. 9
12. ‘Whether Christ Merited Faith & Regeneration for None? We deny against the Remonstrants’, pp. 413-15
ch. 13
11. ‘Whether the sins of the regenerate are all sins of infirmity according to us? We deny with a distinction against the Remonstrants’, pp. 606-7
Valckenier, Johannes – A Theological Disputation on Regeneration (Leiden, 1669)
Valckenier (1617-1670)
Nicolaus, Johannes – A Textual Theological Disputation out of Jn. 3:5 on Regeneration (Bern, 1674)
Nicolaus (-1676)
Essenius, Andreas – ch. 14, ‘Of Calling & Regeneration’ in A Dogmatic Compendium of Theology… (Utrecht, 1685), pp. 555-66
Leydekker, Melchior
ch. 3,‘Of Regeneration by the Holy Spirit’ in Of the Truth of the Reformed, or Evangelical, Religion (Utrecht, 1688), bk. 5, ‘Of the Economy of the Holy Spirit’, pp. 518-31
ch. 3.‘Of Calling & Regeneration’ in A Synopsis of the Christian Religion (Utrecht, 1689), bk. 5, pp. 326-39
Marck, Johannes à – sections 1-6 in ch. 28, ‘Regeneration, Adoption, Reconciliation & Liberty’ in A Compendium of Christian Theology, Didactic & Elenctic (Amsterdam, 1696; 1722), pp. 541-51
.
1700’s
Heidegger, Johann H.
The Marrow of Christian Theology (Zurich, 1713), bk. 2, Locus 21, ‘Of the Grace of Calling’, pp. 146-50
Sections 21-26, ‘Of Regeneration’
Sections 27-29, ‘Of the Imperfection of Regeneration’
Sections 44, 64, 69-77 in A Body of Christian Theology… (Zurich, 1700), vol. 2, Locus 21, ‘Of the Grace of Calling’, pp. 220, 231, 233-37 Breviarum
Van Til, Salomon – ch. 9, ‘Of Calling & Regeneration’ in A Compendium of Theology (Bern, 1703), pt. 2, pp. 179-85
Vitringa, Sr., Campegius – ‘Of Regeneration’ in The Doctrine of the Christian Religion, Summarily Described through Aphorisms, vol. 3 (d. 1722), vol. 3, ch. 15, ‘Of the Actions, Faith & Repentance, which God works in the Sinner; of Calling & Regeneration’, pp. 217-41
Table of Contents
Controversies on Grace 215-17
Reformed Writers on Regeneration 217-18
On Regeneration in Scripture 218-20
Nature of, Whether Regen. Precedes Faith 221
Romanists on 221-22
Lutherans on 222-24
Illumination, Lutheran Controversies 224
Regeneration Lost & Regained? 225
Anti-Trinitarians on 225-26
Simon Mennon on 226-27
Remonstrants on 227-29
Fanatics & Mystics on 229-30
Hobbes & Deurhoff 230-31
van Hattem 231
Relation of Intellect to Will in 231-32
Papists: ex opere operato, by baptism 232-33
Lutherans: through Baptism & Spirit 233-34
Enthusiasts & Fanatics: Inner Light 234
Man is Passive in 1st Moment 234-35
Unregenerate not able to prepare for 235
Papists require dispositions 235-36
Socinians on Preparation 236-38
Remonstrants on Preparation 238
Infants able to be Regenerated 238-39
Anti-Trinitarians: Infants not able 239-40
Various states & grades of 240
Signs of 240-41
Regeneration in the OT 241
Hottinger, Johann Jakob – A Theological Dissertation on the Communion of the Holy Spirit with those having been Elected & Redeemed, being Regenerated, Sealed & Confirmed (1723) 16 pp.
Hottinger (1652-1735)
Honert, Jan van den – Inaugural Oration on Regeneration (1734) in Didactic-Elenctic Theological Institutions (Leiden, 1735), pp. 217-58
Honert (1693-1758)
De Moor, Bernard – sections 1-6 in ch. 28, ‘Of Regeneration, Adoption, Reconciliation & Liberation’ in A Continuous Commentary on John Marck’s Compendium of Didactic & Elenctic Christian Theology, vol. 5 (Leiden, 1761-71), pp. 178-218
.
.
Latin Books
1600’s
Grebenitz, Elias – A Theological Tract on Regeneration, in Three Disputations (Frankfurt, 1671) no page numbers
Grebenitz (1627-1689) was a German reformed professor of logic, metaphysics and theology at Frankfurt.
Table of Contents
Disputation 1, On Regeneration in General
Preface
Section 1, The Knowledge of the Name
Section 2, The Knowledge of the Thing
Subsection 1, Of the Existence of Regeneration
Point 1, Of the Absolute Existence
Point 2, Of the Relative Existence of Regeneration
Subsection 2, Of the Essence of Regeneration
Subsection 3, Of the Coexistence of Regeneration
Disputation 2, On Conversion
Section 1, The Knowledge of the Name
Section 2, The Knowledge of the Thing
Subsection 1, Of the Existence
Subsection 2, Of the Essence of Conversion
Subsection 3, Of the Coexistence of Conversion
Disputation 3, On Preparation
Section 1, The Knowledge of the Name
Section 2, The Knowledge of the Thing
Subsection 1, Of the Existence of Preparation
Subsection 2, Of the Essence of Preparation
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Related Pages